AP EURO Unit #3 – Scientific Revolution and the Era of the Enlightenment Lessons #305, 306 RUAL INDUSTRY BUILDING A GLOBAL ECONOMY

Essential Questions 9. How did England come to dominate Europe during this era? 10. What impact did Anne have on politics and England?

Cottage Industry Work done in cottages during “down” time Usually a one-room home Organized by the “putting out” system – Merchants “put out” raw materials – Paid peasants for their part of finished product – Merchants HATED the lack of control – Start of textiles industry Flying Shuttle – JOHN JAY – Made weaving faster

CONTENTS 1.Recap of the wars of the 18 th century 2.Colonial trade of the 18 th century 3.English monarchs a.Anne b.George I c.George II d.George III 4.English democracy

Wars of the 18 th Century War of Spanish Succession – Spain and France – big losers – 18 th century warfare seen as “good” and limited War of Jenkins Ear (1739) – British smugglers in Spanish “Main” – Capt. Robert Jenkins – ear in a jar – 8 years – Parliament declared war; British dominant War of Austrian Succession – Aggression of Prussia – Weakness of Austria

Seven Years War English undisputed leader in colonies and continent Treaty of Paris (1763) – France lost most of American colonies to British Start of conflict between British government and British colonies

Colonial Trade of the 18 th century British becoming enormously rich – Mercantilism – Joint stock companies – English East Indian Company (to compete with Dutch East Indian Company) – Encouraged colonies

English monarchs of the 18 th century Queen Anne ( ) – Took over at age 37 – seen as fat and always pregnant – 17 pregnancies to Prince George of Denmark Only Prince William lived to age 11 (in 1700) Crisis with the Throne Act of Settlement (1701) – If Anne had no kids, power would pass to Hanoverian Elector George I – cousin to Anne and great grandson to James I George was 54 – spoke very little English Married first cousin – had one son Act of Union (1707) – Joined Scotland with England and Wales – United Kingdom of Great Britain

New English democracy Political factions – Tories – peace with France Favored a strong monarchy Favored land owning rich Favored James, not George – Whigs – anti-French Favored a strong Parliament Favored urban commercial interests Favored George I Robert Walpole – first PRIME MINISTER – Saved English from South Sea Bubble – Given power to rule by George I and II

Parliament in 18 th Century House of Lords – Permanent seats House of Commons – Elected (sometimes chosen) – Did not answer to constituents – represented “interests” – bought off by wealthy Fair tax structure Finances secure Freedom of speech and press – Lots of public debate No large standing army

Hanoverians George I – not real English George II – sorta English – King’s College (Columbia) – Georgia and Georgian calendar – Hated his dad George III – Born in England (grandson to George II) – Favored Tories – Whigs called him a tyrant – Looked for ways to recover $$ from Seven Years War without raising taxes