European Maritime Empires Mr. Millhouse AP World History Hebron High School

Winners: Spain & Portugal?

Winners: Spain & Portugal? Spanish Empire: An Empire of Silver Portuguese Empire: A Trading-Post Empire Mostly in the Americas Mine gold & silver Used natives as labor Encomiendas Repartimiento Mita Sociedad de Castas Mestizos Catholic Church Jesuits Indian Ocean Trading-Posts Trades spices & sugar Used slaves as labor El Mina Brazil 1st plantation colony Imports 20% of all slaves Sociedad de Castas Mulattos Catholic Church Jesuits

Losers: Spain & Portugal? Decline of Spanish Empire: Too rich, too fast? Decline of Portuguese Empire: Too big, too small? External Pressure English, French, & Dutch competition in Caribbean Costly wars with other European nations England (Spanish Armada) Internal Weakness Inflation Never develops native industries Financial systems not sophisticated enough External Pressure Dutch takeover Indian Ocean Costly wars with other European nations Netherlands Internal Weakness Too small Never develops native industries Not enough resources

Winner: Netherlands (Dutch)

An Empire of Spices?

An Empire of Sugar?

Empire of Commerce Dutch settlers in South Africa were called Boers

Dutch East India Co. Dutch East India Co. (V.O.C.) was a joint-stock company founded in 1602 Second oldest multinational corporation British East India Co. founded in 1600 First trade company to exchange stock Amsterdam Stock Exchange founded in 1602 Granted a 21 year monopoly of the spice trade “Powers” of the V.O.C. Wage war Negotiate treaties Establish colonies Established Batavia (Jakarta) in 1619 Mint its own coins Employed nearly 1 million Europeans in Asian trade network over 200 years (1602-1798) Imported 2.5 million tons of Asian luxuries Used 4,785 ships to transport people and goods

Mercantilism Mercantilism is an economic theory based on the following ideas: There is a limited amount of wealth (gold & silver) in the world The country with the most wealth wins Winning takes maintaining a favorable balance of trade by maximizing exports, minimizing imports, and extracting resources from your colonies Control trade by granting charters to joint-stock companies (V.O.C.) to monopolize trade

Battle for Last: England v. France

France: Empire of Fur?

England: Empire of Cotton?

England: Empire of Capital ENGLAND WINS! England Manufactured goods Raw materials (cotton, tobacco, indigo, etc.) GOLD & SILVER Man. goods North America Spain Manufactured goods SPAIN LOSES! Slaves Triangle Trade or the Atlantic System Africa Mercantilism

Meanwhile back in Europe…

Protestant Reformation

Europe after Reformation… WAR!!!

Scientific Revolution

Commercial Revolution Rise of Capitalism Commercial Revolution England Manufactured goods Raw materials (cotton, tobacco, indigo, etc.) GOLD & SILVER Man. goods North America Spain Manufactured goods SPAIN LOSES! Slaves Triangle Trade or the Atlantic System Africa

Meanwhile back in Europe…

Post-Classical Europe: A Review Roman Empire (31 BCE – 476 CE) Germanic Kingdoms Clovis, Charlemagne, etc. Byzantine Empire (conquered 1453) Feudal Kingdoms Feudal Monarchy France, England, etc. Magna Carta, 1215

Political Trends 1450-1750 Three new developments Rise of nation-states A political unit consisting of an autonomous state inhabited predominantly by a people sharing a common culture, history, and language. Rise of absolute monarchy Monarch serves as the source of power in the state and is not legally bound by any constitution (Spain, France, Russia, etc.) Rise of limited monarchy Parliamentary monarchy or constitutional monarchy (England & Netherlands) Monarch acts as head of state with powers limited by a parliament or a constitution

Europe in 1700 C.E.

Absolute Monarchy: France Louis XIV (1638-1715) Named king at age 4 Advised by Cardinal Mazarin until 1661 Divine Right of Kings Secularized France Promoted France as a nation-state Believed the monarch personified the state Nicknamed the Sun King “L’État c’est moi” or “I am the state” Louis XIV ruled France for over 72 years.

Reign of Louis XIV Limited power of nobility & Catholic church Increased size of French bureaucracy Mercantilism was used to increase the wealth of France With mercantilism the monarch controls trade Jean Baptiste Colbert Fought several wars War of Spanish Succession Put France in major debt Colonization North America and India Revoked the Edict of Nantes Built the Palace of Versailles

Palace of Versailles

Palace of Versailles Palace used as a symbol of French wealth and power Daily routines at Versailles were exploited by Louis XIV Nobility competed against each other to perform menial tasks for the king

Hall of Mirrors

Versailles – Some Statistics Modern cost: over $2,000,000,000 Annual upkeep took 25% of France’s income Main wing 500 yards long Two wings: 150 yards long 2,000 rooms 15,000 acres of gardens with 1,400 fountains