1-2 Looking Inside Cells Organelle- A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell (Tiny Organs)

Cell Wall A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants(not Animals) Protects and supports the cell Made of cellulose (Tough yet flexible material)

Cell Membrane All cells have cell membranes Controls which substances can enter or leave a cell All cells have cell membranes In cells with cell walls, the membrane lies just inside the cell wall. In all others, it forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from the outside Lets what the cell needs in, and what it doesn’t want out, through openings (pores)

Nucleus A structure that contains the instructions that direct all the cell’s activities Cell’s control center or “Brain” Nuclear Membrane- protects the nucleus Materials pass in and out through pores

In the Nucleus Chromatin- Material in cells that contains DNA and carries genetic information Tiny strands floating in the nucleus Contain genetic information that direct the functions of the cell Nucleolus- Where ribosomes are made Ribosomes are where protein is made

Parts of the Nucleus Nuclear Membrane

Organelles in the Cytoplasm Cytoplasm- The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus Cytoplasm is always moving Clear, thick, gel-like fluid

Organelles in the Cytoplasm Mitochondria- Produce most of the energy needed to carry out the cell’s functions Called the “powerhouses” of the cell Muscle cells have many of them

Organelles in the Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- A maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another Ribosomes- A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made Also found attached to ER Protein Factories

Organelles in the Cytoplasm Golgi Bodies- Receives proteins and materials from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell The Cell’s Mailroom Also release materials outside the cell

Organelles in the Cytoplasm Chloroplasts- Captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food ONLY IN PLANTS These give plants their green color Green due to Chlorophyll

Organelles in the Cytoplasm Vacuoles- Storage area of cells Most plants have a very large water vacuole Lysosome- Contain chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones CLEAN UP CREW More common in animal cells

Bacterial Cells Very different from plant and animal cells (much smaller) Have cell wall and cell membrane NO NUCLEUS Contain ribosomes, but no other organelles found in plants or animals

Specialized Cells Cells are very different from each other in size and structure Each cell is designed to do it’s job in the organism