What is the hydrological cycle? Key Theme: Rivers Precipitation Condensation Surface Runoff Transpiration Infiltration Throughflow Evaporation Groundwater Flow

What is the river system? Key Theme: Rivers Are these inputs, stores, transfers or outputs? Precipitation Transpiration Sea Interception Evaporation Lake Surface Runoff Infiltration Throughflow Groundwater storage Soil moisture storage

What is a drainage basin? Watershed: Watershed: The higher outer boundary between two drainage basin Mouth: Mouth: where the river enters the sea Tributary: Tributary: a smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river Confluence: Confluence: where two or more steams or rivers meet Floodplain: Floodplain: a flat area either side of the river that floods Source: Source: the point where a river begins Estuary: Estuary: an area of tidal water just before the mouth Key Theme: Rivers

Catchment The area from which water drains into a particular drainage basin. Tributary A river which joins a larger river. Confluence The point at which two rivers join. Watershed The boundary dividing one drainage basin from another- a ridge of high land. Source The upland area where the river begins. Mouth Where the river flows into the sea, or sometimes a lake. Key Theme: Rivers

Mark and locate on the map: watershed, confluence, source, tributary AND add a key. Key Theme: Rivers

Which three processes shape a river? Erosion Abrasion Attrition Hydraulic Action Solution Key Theme: Rivers Sheer force of the water forcing cracks in the banks open Chemical reactions cause the rocks to break down Fragments of rock hit the bed and banks and cause it to wear away Pebbles and rocks collide with each other causing them to reduce in size

Which three processes shape a river? Transportation Traction Suspension Solution Saltation Key Theme: Rivers Minerals dissolved in the water Big boulders and stones rolled along the river bed Small stones and pebbles bounced along the river bed Very small particles are carried along suspended in the river

What fluvial landforms have we studied? Key Theme: Rivers

MEDC Case Study: Boscastle Key Theme: Rivers CausesEffectsResponses 7mile storm 5 inches of rainfall 3 rivers run through Boscastle- Valency, Jordan and River Paradise Steep V shaped valleys Impermeable surfaces e.g. concrete. Bridges 90% economy based on tourism 32 cars swept out to sea Visitors centre destroyed Signs put out so people knew the businesses were open Sandbags distributed Bridge Widened Drains out in £4.5m spent on improving flood defences Car park raised Flood walls build Channalisation

LEDC Case Study: Bangladesh Key Theme: Rivers CausesEffectsResponses Heavy monsoon rainfall in 2004 arrived early and fell from late June. Trees cleared for grazing Melting of snow in the Himalayas Embankments were overtopped Dhaka flooded 36 million people impacted City was submerged with sewage which was carried with the water. 1.5 million women and children were at risk from acute malnutrition 766 people killed Cluster villages were each house was raised 2m above sea level Raised homesteads by 2m Food shelter areas for livestock Rescue boats Radios given to preparedness committee Embankments rebuilt Storm drains put in