ENZYMES P C&C #2, P.66 C&C #6,9 P.74 USING CONCEPTS #10, P.75

1. THEY ARE PROTEINS → GLOBULAR, USUALLY QUATERNARY STRUCTURE 2. THEY PERMIT REACTIONS TO PROCEED UNDER MILDER CONDITIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND PH → HUMAN TEMPERATURE OF 98.6, BLOOD pH NEAR 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES

3. THEY ARE NEEDED IN SMALL QUANTITIES → THEY CAN BE REUSED 4. THEY ENTER INTO THE REACTION WITH THE SUBSTRATE AT THE ACTIVE SITE → SUCH AS HYDROGEN PEROXIDE(A SUBSTRATE → H 2 O 2

5. THEY ARE SPECIFIC → FIT TOGETHER LIKE A LOCK AND KEY, PER CELL (MANY END IN –ASE)

6. THEIR ACTIONS ARE REVERSIBLE (A + B → C AND VICE VERSA) 7. THEY HAVE OPTIMUM pH AND TEMPERATURES (AT WHICH THEY WORK BEST)

8. THEY MAY BE ASSISTED BY COENZYMES (SUCH AS VITAMINS) 9. RATE (HOW FAST OR SLOW) OF ENZYME ACTION IS REGULATED BY THE RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF ENZYME AND SUBSTRATE

· ALL ENZYMES ARE CATALYSTS BUT NOT ALL CATALYSTS ARE ENZYMES · CATALYSTS : SUBSTANCES THAT CAUSE A REACTION TO OCCUR AT A FASTER RATE WITHOUT BEING AFFECTED -THEY DO THIS BY LOWERING THE ACTIVATION ENERGY (THE ENERGY NEEDED TO START A REACTION OTHER ENZYME INFORMATION

· INCREASING THE AMOUNT OF SUBSTRATE OR ENZYME WILL INCREASE THE REACTION TO A POINT AT WHICH IT WILL REMAIN CONSTANT · INCREASING THE TEMPERATURE OR PH WILL INCREASE A REACTION TO A POINT AT WHICH IT WILL THEN DECREASE (THE ENZYME WILL START TO DENATURE → TO BREAKDOWN)

· 34 TRUE OR FALSE AND MULTIPLE CHOICE (WITH DIAGRAMS AND GRAPHS) · 3 SHORT ANSWER · 2 BONUS QUESTIONS Enzyme Test (40 Pts) WHAT TO STUDY · ENZYME OUTLINE · 3 OTHER PACKET PAGES (DIAGRAMS) · LAB ACTIVITY & DEMO (LIVER/H2O2) · ENZYME REVIEW ACTIVITY · P IN TEXTBOOK & HW QUESTIONS