Elements and The Periodic Table

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Presentation transcript:

Elements and The Periodic Table

Amazing!

Metals -left of the staircase -good conductors of heat/electricity -ductile and malleable -shiny and usually silver coloured -all solid except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals -right of the staircase -poor conductors of heat/electricity, solids, some are gases and one (bromine) is a liquid Metalloids -touch the staircase except Aluminum (metal) -properties are a mix of metal and non- metal properties

Metals/Nonmetals and Metalloids

Since they have the same number of valence electrons

Pattern for the Number of Valence electrons Periodic table families

Hydrogen (A class of it’s own) Physical properties of nonmetals but chemical properties of metals

Group 1: Alkali Metals 1 valence electron (electrons in their outermost shell) Soft, shiny, solids at room temperature that can easily be cut with a knife The most reactive metals React violently with water (stored in oil or a vacuum) React with halogens to form salts

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals 2 valence electrons Light, reactive metals, solids at room temperature React with oxygen to form oxides React with hydrogen to make hydride (except Be) React with water to release hydrogen gas

Groups 3-12: Transition Metals Usually multivalent Strong, hard metals, high melting points Good conductors of heat and electricity Most react with oxygen to make oxides some react with acids to release hydrogen gas Wide range of chemical and physical properties

Group 17: Halogens 7 valence electrons May be solids/liquids/gases at room temperature Dull and do not conduct electricity Extremely reactive nonmetals (reacts with hydrogen and other metals)

Group 18: Noble Gases Full outer shell Extremely unreactive (inert) Gases at room temperature with low melting/boiling points Kr, Xe, Rn can be forced to make compounds with F Rn is radioactive

Lanthanides (Rare Earth Metals) Elements 57-70

Actinides Elements Transuranic Elements: Synthetic (not naturally occurring) elements (elements 93+)

Representative Elements Elements from Group 1-2 and Many form colourful compounds

Lewis Dot Symbol Lewis dot diagram- shows only the valence electrons (place an electron in each direction then double up if there are more than four)

Practice! P. 33 #