Facts about: NOX = NO + NO2 An air pollutant – a brown reddish gas seen in smog A by-product of combustion engines and high-temperature boilers NO2 contributes to the creation of acid rain Has detrimental influence on health: Damage to lungs Reduces body resistance to bacterial and viral diseases Irritates lungs and eyes Causes Pneumonia Causes increased sensitivity in asthma patients

The January 2011 NOx environmental protection standard Boilers up to 6 ton steam – 700 mg/cm NOx Boilers over 6 tons steam – 350 mg/cm NOx Gas standars – 200 mg/cm NOx

Particles emission standard 50 mg/cm for any size installation

Main methods of treating NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Selective Non – Catalitic Reduction (SNCR) Low Nox Burner (LNB)

LNB – Low NOx Burner This method treats NOx created as a product of combustion while using atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen A method for combustion fuel in low temperature. This method recycle the emission gases back into the combustion chamber in order to reduce the combustion temperature The oxygen influencing the combustion is diluted thereby achieving: A lower combustion temperature Less oxygen is available for the creation of NOx Disadvantages: More fuel consumption, a more expensive system

“Chemical warfare” against NOx SNCR SCR System principles: Injection of ammonia (NH3) or urea )NH2CONH2), into the combustion chamber at a temperature window of 760-1093 ºC The chemical reaction products: Water )H2O), Nitrogen (N(2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) The chemical reaction with urea: H2O+ NH2CONH2 CO2 + 2NH3 4NO + 4NH3 + O2 4N2 + 6H2O

Selective Catalytic Reduction A method of NOx reduction by 70-90% For use in industry, diesel engines, large ships, gas turbine and automobiles Method of operation: Ammonia or urea is injected into the gas Gas + Gas combustion product pass though a ceramic catalyst made of precious metals such as: Titanium oxide, Vanadium, Tungsten and others. The catalyst is porous and has a bee-hive or plat form. The pours increase the surface area of the catalyst which facilitates effective reduction of NOx level.

System structure SCR

Selective Non – Catalitic Reduction NoxAway A method in which diluted ammonia or urea is injected into the combustion chamber, at a point where the gas is at a temperature range between: 760-1093 ºC In the SNCR method a 50% reduction in NOx emission is achieved. While still complying with applicable standards

System structure SNCR NoxAway

Advantages and disadvantages of both methods: SNCR- NoxAway / Markit SCR Disadvantages: Requires a lot of room in the plant. A very expensive device The catalyst is sensitive to contamination an blockages that cause ammonia leaks and increased production of NOX Advantages: 70-90% effective in NOx reduction Disadvantages: Up to 50-60% effective in NOx reduction Advantages: A cheap device Simple installation Compact Made in Israel and with local service Reduces also particles emission

System photos Nozzle installed in the steam boiler

The system installed on two boilers at Yafora Rehovot

Locations where Markit’s NSCR NoxAway system is installed Yafora-Tavori juice industries, Rehovot (two devices) Taro Pharmaceutical industries – Haifa T.G.L - Yokneam Teva-Tech – Ramat Hovav (two devices) Agan Chemicals – Ashdod (5 devices) And more…..