Earth Science Study Guide
How would a glacier affect the landscape of a state?
The peak of hills were scraped off; many deep valleys were filled in; soil was transported miles from where it started.
What would cause mountains to appear older and worn?
Wind and water erosion, wearing away the mountain
An earthquake is caused by an abrupt shift in the earth along a fracture or ___________________.
fault
How do people control floods?
Build levees and dams along and across a river or body of water
If a crack in a rock is filled with rain and then the rain freezes, what would be the result?
Weathering caused by freezing of water
Sand dunes are the result of ________________.
deposition
What is a glacier?
Mass of snow and ice in motion
What happened to rock material that was once at the top of a mountain?
The rock material was eroded by wind, water, or ice
What can be caused by ocean waves?
Sea caves, sea arch, sea stack
The Hawaiian Islands were formed as a result of __________________.
Volcanic activity
The Grand Canyon was formed as the result of _______________________
Erosion by water
The islands of Japan were formed by _______________.
Volcanic activity
What can be created when the magma pushed up the crust of the earth?
A volcano or dome mountain
How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?
Volcanic activity
How are mountains formed?
Tectonic plates pushing the crust of earth up
SinkholesLandslide s Both
How do glaciers move materials?
Glaciers push rock and soil in front of them
How do glaciers deposit sediment?
Glaciers release sediment when they melt.
Erosion and weathering are examples of __________________.
Destructive forces
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
Converging, diverging, and sliding
What type scientist studies seismic waves?
seismologist
Explain how a volcano is formed.
Deep below Earth’s crust rock melts to form magma. A build-up of pressure in the magma chamber causes the magma to rise into the conduit. Magma pushes upward and finally burst through the vent. Lava flows down the side of the volcano where it cools and hardens to form igneous rock.
Where could you mostly observe a volcano or an earthquake?
Near plate boundaries
Water, ice, and wind are the three forces that cause ____________.
erosion
Levees are used to _____________.
Control floods
Draw and label each of the three types of mountains. Explain how each mountain is formed.
Why do scientists study earthquakes?
Measure their magnitude, damage, and likelihood of happening again.
____________ is any process that changes a rock’s chemical composition.
Chemical weathering
_________ is the disintegration of rocks without changing them chemically.
Mechanical or physical weathering
Scientists who study earthquakes are called ___________.
seismologist
What is erosion?
The carrying away of sediments by wind, moving water, or moving ice
A river valley is an example of _____________.
Weathering and erosion
The delta is a result of _____________.
deposition