Properties of the Ocean Notes for Oceanography Solubility, Gases and Nutrients

Temperature variations with latitude. Notice the decrease in salinity at the equator which is due to increased precipitation at the equator

Canada: Department of the Environment 2014

Isopycnal Lines

Density Layering at Antarctic Antarctic Drifter Experiment: Links to Isobaths and Ecosystems (ADELIE)

Salinity Levels at Antarctic (PSU) Antarctic Drifter Experiment

Instrumentation to determine salinity, temperature and depth Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler

ARGO Floats for Temperature and Conductivity

Ocean Oxygen Concentrations vs Temperature O 2 (ml/L)Salinity ( ‰) Temperature (°C) 0‰10‰20‰30‰40‰ Solubility Spectrophotometry Lab: Naranya et al. 2005

Ocean pH

Carbonate Compensation Depth The CCD is the depth at which calcareous skeletons of marine animals accumulate at the same rate at which they dissolve. Depending on the mineral structure of CaCO3, the CCD is called calcite compensation depth (trigonal structure) or aragonite compensation depth (rhombic structure), respectively.

Approximately 800 meters

CCD Controlled by… pH Temperature Pressure Carbon Availability Foraminiferans Coccolithophores

Dissolved Salts and Substances Conservative constituents includes those that are not removed or added by living organisms (Duxbury) Non-conservation constituents include ions and molecules that can fluctuate through chemical and biological processes (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus…) Redfield Ratio C:Si:N:P = 106:40:16:1

This diagram shows the variations of oxygen and nutrients (here represented by the phosphate ion) with depth in ocean waters.

Check out page 166 in text

Human-caused carbon dioxide

Radiative Fog

Advection Fog

Sea Smoke