The Merchant of Venice Sources/Background.

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Presentation transcript:

The Merchant of Venice Sources/Background

Sources First performed in 1597 First published version of play published in 1600 Merchant is not an original story by Shakespeare

Sources Shakespeare almost always borrowed ideas and stories from other sources and improved them

Sources Immediate source for Merchant is Il Pecorone, an Italian short story that translates “The Idiot” Published in Italy in 1558 “Pound of flesh” plot

Sources Another source is a medieval tale from Gesta Romanorum (Roman Tales), published in London in 1577 “Casket” plot

Sources Christopher Marlowe’s Jew of Malta (1589-90) was familiar to Shakespeare Idea of Jew having daughter

Sources Classical sources: Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Plutarch’s Lives

History of Jews in England Jews allowed to live in England from 1066 Allowed to practice usury, or money-lending; Christians were not

History of Jews in England Jews became target of government taxations because of their wealth At death, Jews’ assets seized by king Jews paid Christian church taxes

History of Jews in England In 1290, Jews expelled from England Suspicion and bigotry practiced against Jews Term “Jew” became a label

History of Jews in England Secretly practicing their faith, some Jews remained in England

Elizabethan Image of Jew Moneylenders (“usury”) Bloodthirsty murderers (Jews might demand a pound of flesh as repayment for a loan)

Elizabethan Image of Jew Rumors of Christian travelers being mutilated by Jews Jews accused of spreading Black Death by poisoning water

Elizabethan Image of Jew Jews stereotyped as evil, dressed in black cloaks, horned hats Jews played as parodies on stage: actors wore bright red wigs and false noses

Usury Lending of money and charging interest on its repayment Traditionally Jews were money-lenders Christianity forbade charging of interest

Usury Aristotle: beyond the laws of physics for money to breed money Elizabethans condemned usury, yet this didn’t stop them from borrowing money themselves

Women in Patriarchal Society In Elizabethan society, fathers controlled the lives of wives and daughters Women had subordinate position in Elizabethan England Women’s rights were restricted

Women in Patriarchal Society Defying authority had serious consequences Disobedient sons were disinherited; daughters were confined at home or in convents Father-daughter conflict a recurring theme in Shakespeare

Women in Patriarchal Society Women’s power limited by rules of inheritance Renaissance ideal of women suggested that they should live in quiet obedience to husbands and fathers

Venice and Trade England’s role as trading nation grew in late 16th century Merchants took greater risks as their wealth grew

Venice, Italy

Venice, Italy

Venice and Trade To Elizabethans, Venice was symbol of trade and wealth World center for banking Had great tolerance for different cultures and minorities

Gondola and Piazza San Marco

The Rialto Bridge

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