Literary Musicians

Berliozs Literary Trinity Hector Berlioz (1803–1869) – literary influences and program music Virgil – Les Troyens (1856–58) Shakespeare – Le roi Lear (1831) – Roméo et Juliette (1839) – Béatrice et Bénédict (1862) Goethe – La damnation de Faust (1846)

Berliozs Fantastic First Symphony Symphonie fantastique (1830) [Anthology 2-39] – Episode in the Life of an Artist: Fantastic Symphony in Five Movements – idée fixe – Harriet Smithson

Berliozs Fantastic First Symphony Symphonie fantastique (1830) [Anthology 2-39] – 1. ReveriesPassions – 2. A ball – 3. Scene in the country – 4. March to the scaffold – 5. Dream of a Witches Sabbath Dies Irae

Berliozs Fantastic First Symphony Symphonie fantastique (1830) [Anthology 2-39] – Orchestration expanded wind and brass sections four harps five percussionists special effects with mutes, slides, and bowing

Following the Idée Fixe reminiscence motive appears in all five movements

Discriminating Romanticisms Schumanns review of the Symphonie fantastique – Neue Zeitschrift für Musik (1835) Program vs. absolute music

The Prodigious Mendelssohn Felix Mendelssohn (1809– 1847) The Mozart of the nineteenth century – Octet in E Major for Strings, Op. 20 (1825) – Overtue to A Midsummer Nights Dream (1826) Concert Overture

The Prodigious Mendelssohn Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847) – Overture to A Midsummer Nights Dream (1826 [Anthology 2-40] later added incidental music

The Prodigious Mendelssohn Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847) – Calm Sea and Prosperous Overture (1828) – Hebrides (Fingals Cave) (1829) – Fair Melusine Overture – Symphony No. 3 in A Minor Scottish – Symphony No. 4 in A Major Italian – Lider ohne Worte (Songs without Words)

The Prodigious Mendelssohn Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847) – 1833: Appointed Music Director of Düsseldorf – 1835: Appointed chief conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus orchestra concerts – 1843: director of the Leipzig conservatory – 1843: director of the Berlin Cathedral Choir and conductor of Symphonic subscriptions concerts

Mendelssohns Paulus and Civic Nationalism Paulus (1832–1836) [Anthology 2-41] – oratorio – allegory of the German nation – Lutheran chorales Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme

Nationalism Takes a Racial Turn Das Judenthum in der Musik (Judaism in Music) (1850) – K. Freigedank (Richard Wagner)

Schumann and Literature Robert Schumann (1811–1856) – Early piano studies with Friedrich Wieck – Marriage to Clara Wieck (1840) – music critic for Neue Zeitschrift für Musik Davisbund (League of David) – Florestan – Eusebius – Master Raro

Music of Letters Carnival, Op. 9 (1833–34) – (A, A, B, C, E ) – (SCH)umann, Asch

The Piano Fantasie, Op. 17 [Anthology 2-42] 3-movement work – (Ruins, Trophies, Palms) – Schlegels Die Gebüsche Through all the sounds In the motley dream of earthly life There sounds a soft, long drawn-out sound For the one who overhears in secret

Schumanns Year of Song First 23 published opuses were piano pieces 1840 devoted almost entirely to song 1841 symphony year 1842 primarily chamber music 1843 oratorio 1848 dramatic music

Schumanns Year of Song 1840 Nearly 150 songs Heinrich Heine, Buch der Lieder Dichterliebe (Poets Love) [Anthology 2-43] – Im wonderschonen Monat Mai – Die alten, bösen Lieder

Schumanns Last Years Large-scale dramatic compositions – Das Paradies und die Peri (1843) – Scenen aus Goethes Faust (1844–53) – Genoveva (1848) – Manfred Attempted suicide in 1854, spent his final 2 years in an asylum

Genius Restrained Fanny Mendelssohn (1805–1847) – 500 compositions 250 songs 125 piano works string quartet, piano trio, orchestral overture

Genius Restrained Clara Wieck Schumann (1819–1896) – virtuoso pianist – variations sets, piano concerto, songs – Er ist gekommen in Sturm und Regen [Anthology 2-44]