Unit 2 Test Review

What was the main reason for the French and Indian War? The British and French were fighting over the Ohio River Valley and other land for control of valuable resources

What was the Proclamation of 1763 and why was it issued? It was an announcement limiting what the colonists could do in the land West of the Appalachian Mountains. It was issued to avoid further conflict with the Native Americans.

How did the French and Indian War lead to the American Revolution? Due to the cost of the war, the British began taxing the colonists which led to discontent amongst the colonists.

What was the Great Awakening? Who was one of it’s major leaders? The Great Awakening was a period of religious revival in the colonies. The colonists believed they had a direct connection with God and did not need the king or established church for that connection George Whitefield

By taxing the colonists and getting involved in the day to day life of the colonies, Britain was no longer practicing _________ ________. Salutary Neglect

What does the phrase “taxation without representation” mean? The colonists believed King George III and Parliament did not have the right to tax the colonists without the colonists having a voice in the decision making process.

What were the Townshend Acts? Why were they important? The Townsend Acts were laws passed to tax things like paper, glass, lead, paint and tea. They were important because the colonists were angered by the additional taxes and chose to act out against Britain with the Boston Tea Party.

In what city/colony did the protests against the British get the most violent? Boston, Massachusetts

Who were the Sons of Liberty? What major event were they responsible for? The Sons of Liberty were a radical group of Patriots from Boston who led a variety of protests against the British. They were responsible for the Boston Tea Party.

What is the difference between Loyalists and Patriots? Loyalists- People living in the colonies that are still loyal to the King and Great Britain. They do not support the revolutionary cause Patriots- People living in the colonies that do not believe Great Britain should make decisions for the colonies without their consent. This group will eventually support full independence from Britain

What was the main way the colonists show their displeasure with the acts of taxation passed by Great Britain? Why was this an effective strategy? Boycotting British goods The boycotts hurt the British business/economy so many (not all) acts were repealed.

What was the Boston Massacre? How did the colonists use this event to their advantage? The Boston Massacre was a conflict between British soldier and colonists. 5 colonists were killed in the conflict. The Sons of Liberty used the event as propaganda to fuel anger towards the British.

How did Great Britain respond to the Sons of Liberty’s actions of the Boston Tea Party? Passed the Coercive/Intolerable Acts to punish the people of Boston

Why did Thomas Paine write Common Sense? He wanted to encourage people of the colonies to support the Patriot cause for independence against the British

What was the First Continental Congress? Why was it important? It was the first true meeting of the colonies to decide how to respond to the problem with Great Britain. They decided to send a list of issues to the King and then would reconvene if their requests were not met. Demonstrated they were not determined to start a war or to be independent at the beginning of the conflict

What was the purpose of the ride of Paul Revere and William Dawes? To warn John Hancock and Samuel Adams that the British were coming to Lexington to arrest them. Also, to warn the people of Concord that the British were coming for their weapons

Who were the minutemen? The minutemen were members of the militia who were able to get ready at a minutes notice!

What happened at Lexington and Concord? British marched on Lexington and were met by the militia. Someone fired and many colonists were killed. The British moved on to Concord to find weapons. When they didn’t find any, they burned down the town of Concord.

Why was the first shot of the Battle of Lexington known as “The Shot Heard ‘Round the World?” The shot began a revolution. The news of the rebellion in the colonies would reach Europe and this revolution would actually lead to other revolutions in Europe (France).

What was the Declaration of Independence? It was a letter written by Thomas Jefferson announcing that the American colonies would be cutting ties with Great Britain.

What were the three main messages of the Declaration of Independence? All men are created equal (white land owning men) All men have natural rights such as life, liberty and property Men have the right to overthrow a tyrannical government if it violates those natural rights

What does the quote “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes” mean from the Battle of Bunker Hill? General Prescott wanted the colonists to wait until the British were in close range in order to shoot to be sure their shots were accurate and effective

What happened at the Battle of Quebec? Why was it important? The colonists tried to take the city of Quebec from the British, but failed It was the first major defeat by the Americans early in the war. It showed that the war would not be quickly won by either side

What happened at the Battle of Trenton? Why was it important? Washington crossed the Delaware River and led a surprise attack on the Hessian (Germans hired by British) soldiers. This was an important victory for the Americans because it boosted morale and encouraged more people to reenlist in the war effort

What happened at the Battle of Saratoga? Why was it important? The Battle of Saratoga was a 2 part battle that was won by the Americans. This battle was important because it convinced the French to join the war on the side of the Americans.

Why was the Marquis de Lafayette important to the American Revolution? The Marquis de Lafayette brought a lot of military knowledge to George Washington and the Continental Army. He also helped convince the French to enter the war on the American side.

What were 3 reasons the French became an ally to the Americans during the Revolutionary War? Enemies with England Wanted to get revenge for the French and Indian War Wanted new trade markets with the colonies that had been limited by the British previously

What happened at the Battle of Yorktown? Why was it important? Battle of Yorktown trapped the British against the water. The British were unable to escape from Yorktown because of the assistance from the French navy. By the time Yorktown occurred, the British people no longer supported the war and wanted it to end. This battle led to the surrender of the British by General Cornwallis and an end to the American Revolution

What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783? Article 1: Acknowledging the thirteen colonies as free sovereign and independent states and relinquishing all claims to property and territorial rights. Article 2: Set up of territorial boundaries. Article 3: Conceding the right to fish on the Grand Bank and on other Banks of Newfoundland. Article 4: Creditors on either side shall meet with no lawful impediment to the recovery of debt. Article 5: Congress will recommend to state legislature the restitution of estates, rights and property that belonged to British subjects. Article 6: Bring to an end and prevent all future prosecution and confiscation of loyalists’ property. Article 7: All prisoners of war on either side shall be set free. Article 8: The Mississippi River should remain open to British and American citizens. Article 9: Territories captured by either Britain or the United States after the Treaty will be restored without compensation. Article 10: Ratification of the treaty was to occur within six months from the signing of the parties.

Define what is meant by the terms political, economic and social. Political- government Economic- Money/Trade Social- Society/Interaction of people