Fate of Slabs.

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Theory of Plate Tectonics

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Fate of Slabs

Invert P waves for 3-D mantle structure 10 million travel times: ISC, NEIC, temporary arrays 0.5 million earthquakes Ray theory & 3-D sensitivity kernels Model norm and gradient regularization Li, van der Hilst, Engdahl, and Burdick, 2008; G3

1-4 Cocos plate: complex structures into lower mantle 6-9 Nazca and Farallon plates subduct into lower mantle 10 South Sandwich Islands

Steep upper mantle slabs (Kuril, Mariana) subduct below 660 Shallow-dip(Japan, Izu-Bonin) and young slabs (Ryukyu) stagnate in transition zone

Deep subduction: Central America, Indochina, segments of NW and SW Pacific Stagnation of slab fragments (400-1000 km) N Philippine Sea plate and SE Asia, Mediterranean, parts of Tonga

(Kellogg et al. 1999)

South America