© A. Weinberg By Ms. Weinberg Ancient Greece & Rome

© A. Weinberg Ancient cultures of Greece & Rome You may be surprised to find out how much we learned from these people of long ago…

© A. Weinberg The people of Ancient Greece & Rome made many contributions to today’s society. Some of those contributions were in: Architecture government Sports

© A. Weinberg The Greeks used columns when they designed many buildings. This is a picture of the Parthenon in Greece. This is a column

© A. Weinberg The Romans used arches when they constructed (made) buildings. This is the Colosseum in Rome. This is an arch

© A. Weinberg This is an arch The Romans used arches when they constructed (made) aqueducts.

© A. Weinberg Not only did the people of Ancient Greece & Rome influence architecture, they also influenced Art. Many Greek & Roman buildings display mosaics and sculptures. Can you see the many tiles in this mosaic?

© A. Weinberg The Olympics? You have probably enjoyed watching the athletes compete in the Winter Olympics as well as the Summer Olympics. The Olympic Games began back in Ancient Greece.

© A. Weinberg ***Our government is based on ideas from Ancient Greece & Rome. ***We call Greece “The Birthplace of Democracy.” ***A democracy is a government ruled by the people.

© A. Weinberg The people of Greece used a Direct Democracy. A Direct Democracy is a government where people vote to make their own rules & laws.

© A. Weinberg ***The Romans used a Republican form of Government - Representative Democracy. A Representative Democracy is a government in which the people elect (vote for) a smaller group to make the rules & laws for everyone.

© A. Weinberg Which kind of government do we have in the United States? Do we have a Direct Democracy? Do we have a Representative Democracy? This one is correct!

© A. Weinberg Now that we have learned about the contributions of the Greeks and Romans, let’s focus on where these places were located and find out about the people who lived there.

© A. Weinberg ***Both Greece and Rome are located on the continent of Europe. They are both located on the Mediterranean Sea. Both places have many hills, too. ***Pelopennesus – a mountainous peninsula in southern Europe

© A. Weinberg Almost 2000 islands surrounded Peloponnesus – Villages were isolated, cut off from each other

© A. Weinberg ***Where did ancient Greek civilization begin? ***On the Peloponnesus and the islands surrounding this mountainous peninsula

© A. Weinberg The Greeks were shipbuilders. The Romans were road builders.

© A. Weinberg Both ancient Greece & Rome had only a small amount of the rich soil needed for farming. Still some of the people were farmers. They had to farm on hillsides

© A. Weinberg Because of where they lived, the Greeks & Romans needed to adapt to their environment. Ancient Greece & Rome were located along the Mediterranean Sea, so the people who lived there were traders.

© A. Weinberg Since there were many mountains & hills, the Greeks built many, small communities. ***Political units made up of a city and surrounding villages sprung up called “city-states.”

© A. Weinberg ***Greek city-states shared common culture and language, but choose different forms of government. Athens and Sparta were the largest city-states. ***Monarchy – ruled by Kings ***Some were ruled by a “tyrant” someone who took power illegally ***Sparta was ruled by an “oligarchy” a system ruled by a few individuals and was a military state (had two kings) ***Athens became a limited democracy where all citizens could take part in the government and make laws. Only free adult males were citizens. Women, slaves, and foreigners were not citizens

© A. Weinberg ***In the early 5 th century B.C., Greece was invaded by Persia (which is now Iran) ***Athens and Sparta joined forces. The Greeks won! ***Decades later Athens & Sparta fought each other in the Peloponnesian War – Sparta won The city-states were so busy focusing on the war between Sparta and Athens they didn’t notice their neighbor Macedonia was building an army to invade Greece. ***Alexander the Great from Macedonia conquered territories from North Africa, Middle East and Asia spreading Greek culture.

© A. Weinberg Who was Pericles? Pericles was an Athenian statesman, so influential in Athenian history that the period of his power is called the Age of Pericles. In Athenian politics Pericles sought to enable all citizens to take an active part in the government. Payment of citizens for their services to the state was introduced, and members of the council were chosen by lot from the entire body of Athenians. Pericles believed anyone who neglects Athens is useless Pericles believed anyone who fights for their state should have a say in state affairs

© A. Weinberg ***ANCIENT ROME ***Overthrew their Monarchy ***Created a “republic” a form of government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name ***All male citizens could vote but only “patricians” members of rich and powerful families could hold the highest government offices. ***Farmers, merchants, and craftspeople made up the class known as “plebeians.” ***The Roman Republic grew to fast and there was so much conflict that they allowed Octavian (Augustus) to take control and formed the “Roman Empire” under his complete control.

© A. Weinberg Augustus expands the Empire takes over Palestine a Jewish kingdom in the Mediterranean. during this time period Jesus is born and Christianity begins Christianity becomes official religion of the Roman Empire

© A. Weinberg ***Causes for the decline of the Roman Empire A series of inexperienced and corrupt emperors Division of the Empire Conflict with Germanic tribes Crushing tax burden Gap between the rich and the poor Decline of patriotism and loyalty Food shortages

© A. Weinberg GOVERNMENTWHO RULEDHOW CHOOSEN WHO PARTICIPATED Greek DemocracycitizenselectedFree adult male citizens Roman RepublicpatricianselectedAll male citizens Roman EmpireAn emperorSelf-appointedNo one

© A. Weinberg What’s this? The Parthenon The Colosseum Where can it be found? Greece Where can it be found? Rome

© A. Weinberg We have learned about the many contributions that the Ancient Greeks & Romansmade to the world. We can thank the Greeks & Romans for: Greeks artists, writers and philosophers theater, science, and government Democracy – giving people a voice in government Romans roads, aqueducts, and public buildings idea of a republic and created written code of law Legal systems today still influenced by the republic of Rome

© A. Weinberg