LINGUISTIC INPUT IN THE CLASSROOM Grammar Lexis Classroom Activities Giving Instructions Nouns and Articles Material Phonology Tenses

Linguistic Input in the Classroom  What is linguistically happening?  What tenses are actually used?  Which patterns do occur?  What impact does the teacher have on the students‘ language?  How does the teacher interact with the students?

Linguistic Input in the Classroom  Focus on tenses  Use of the simple present and present progressive in primary school  Use of the simple past in secondary school

Use of the simple present and present progressive in primary school  Research question: Which forms do occur in teacher´s and students´ talk?

Use of the simple present and present progressive in primary school Present Simple Teacher Present Progressive Teacher Other Tense Teacher Exceptional Cases Teacher Present Simple Pupil Present Progressive Pupil Exceptional Cases Pupil Untensed Utterances (T, P (s), P (c)) CD Input (PS, PP, OT,EC, UU) Comments class: I correct -- wrong T Teacher P (s) Pupil (single) P(c ) Pupil (chorus) PS Present Simple PP Present Progressive OT Other Tense EC Exceptional Case UU Untensed Utterance date:

Use of the simple present and present progressive in primary school  Which forms does the teacher and the students use?  Example for a result:  134 tensed utterances at all  106 tensed utterances (100%) teacher  78 % present simple  22 % other tenses and exceptional cases  3 present progressive utterances  28 tensed utterances (100%) pupils  89 % present simple  11 % exceptional cases  5 present progressive utterances

Use of the simple present and present progressive in primary school  Results: Patterns and pairs  Example for pairs:  PS T I (“It´s six o´clock”)  PS P (c ) I(“It´s six o´clock”)  PS T I Simple Present question (“What´s that?”)  UU P(s) (“pig”)

Use of the simple present and present progressive in primary school  Patterns and tenses in rituals:  UU P (s1) hello  UU P (s2) hello  PS P(s1) I What´s your favourite food?  PS P(s2) I My favourite food is pizza  UU P (s1) Thank you  PS P(s2) You´re welcome

Use of the simple past in secondary school  Research question: Will the students make mistakes when the input and to some extent also the output is not that controlled?  Interference: Teaching two lessons myself

Use of the simple past in secondary school  Audio recording + observation scheme Past simple Teacher Other forms Teacher German forms Teacher Past simple Students Other forms Students German forms Students Comments I correct; -- wrong

Use of the simple past in secondary school  „Dear …, My holiday was very nice. I go with my family on the beach and I go shopping. I was in London. I play football with my friends in London. […]“  „Dear …, I went to the North Sea with my family. It was funny. I and Saskia are go to the Watt. That‘s a cool thing. I stay on a campsite. I don‘t go to the beach. […]“

Use of the simple past in secondary school  Conclusion  Knowledge of the right forms  Use of simple present as the default  students fall back into present  More focus on content than on forms  Students have not fully realized the use of the simple past  do not know when to use it