Skeletal System Functions Support: bones help support and provide shape to the body Protection: provides protection to internal organs Mineral storage: calcium and phosphorus make bones strong and help with oxygen Hemopoiesis: blood cell formation that occurs in the red bone marrow

Cont. Pronation-turn downward or backward Movement: anchors muscle and helps move limbs Pronation-turn downward or backward Supination- to turn forward or upward Flexion- decreases the angle between two bones Extension-increasing the angle between two bones

Rotation-movement around one central axis Abduction-movement away from the midline of the body Adduction-toward the midline Circumduction- circular movement at a joint

Skeletal System Disorders Arthritis: inflammation of the joints 2 types Osteoarthritis- most common joint disorder, cause from aging wear and tear, symptoms are joint stiffness, tenderness, swelling, Rx is medication, lifestyle changes

Skeletal System Disorders Rheumatoid arthritis- symptoms are stiffness, joint pain and loss of ROM, cause is unknown, Rx is to alleviate symptoms

Skeletal System Disorders Gout: type of arthritis from high uric acid in joints Symptoms- starts in big toes, throbbing pain, swelling, tender, red Cause- uric acid build up (diabetes, obesity, kidney disease) Rx-ibuprofen, steroids, medication to reduce uric acid

Skeletal System Disorders Osteoporosis: bones become weak and fragile, porous Cause: low calcium, estrogen, steroid use Rx: calcium, meds to make bone stronger, lifestyle changes, Symp: pain, shrinking, easy breaks

Skeletal System Disorders Rickets is softening and weakening of the bones Symp: bone pain, tenderness, teeth deformaties Cause: vitamin D defeciency Rx- replace vitamin D, eat oranges

Skeletal System Disorders Abnormal Spinal Curvatures KYPHOSIS – humped curvature in the thoracic area of the spine “hunchback” LORDOSIS – exaggerated inward curvature in the lumbar region of the spine just above the sacrum ”swayback” SCOLIOSIS – side to side or lateral curvature of the spine

Skeletal System Disorders Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis

Skeletal System Disorders Trauma's Dislocation: bone is displaced from its proper position in a joint Strain: overstretching or tearing of a muscle Fractures: bone break Sprain: wrenching of a joint, causing a stretching or tearing of ligaments

Fractures Greenstick: fracture common in children - occurs when the bone is bent and splintered but never completely separates Simple: bone is broken but no skin is punctured Comminuted: bone is broken or splintered in many pieces embedded in surrounding tissue Compound- most serious, broken bone protrudes through skin

Fractures

Fractures: Rx: Open reduction: surgical intervention with devices such as wires, metal plates or screws to hold the bone in alignment Closed reduction: bone fragments are brought into alignment by manipulation and a cast or splint is applied Traction: pulling force is used to hold the bones in place after a fracture