PROTOZOA Výukový materiál OR Tvůrce: Mgr. Alena Výborná Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Miloslava Dorážková Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

PROTOZOA The simplest animals (eukaryotic) The body is made up by one cell One cell: ▫Accepts ▫Processes ▫Excludes ▫Breathes ▫Moves ▫Reacts to the stimulus ▫Reproduces

PROTOZOA Microscopic Heterotrophic A cell includes: ▫Food vacuoles ▫Contractile (pulsating) vacuoles The movement is made by: ▫Amoeba (pseudopods) ▫Flagella ▫Cilium ▫Undulating membrane

PROTOZOA They accept stimulus from their surroundings: ▫By whole surface of the body ▫By sense organs:  Cilium (touch)  Pigment spots (accept light) Reproduction: ▫Asexual (division, budding) ▫Sexual (joining different nucleus)

PROTOZOA Some of them create shells of silicon dioxide Some of them cover their bodies by shells made of small sand grains CYST ▫A rest, immobile, resistant stadium ▫Its function is to survive in unfavourable conditions

PROTOZOA The importance of protozoa: ▫Autotrophic protozoa belong to the basic parts of a food chain ▫Soil protozoa are important for soil fertility ▫A bio-indicator of the environment ▫They cause serious diseases

PROTOZOA GROUPS: ▫FLAGELLATE ▫RHIZOPODA ▫INFUSORIA

PROTOZOA – FLAGELLATA One or more flagella The most original Coreopsis: ▫Mixotrophic (autotrophic and heterotrophic) ▫A spot reacting to light ▫One or two flagella ▫Pools, puddles, polluted water

Euglena A stigma Chloroplasts A nucleus A flagellum

PROTOZOA – FLAGELLATA Trypanosoma gambiense: ▫It lives in blood of a man and some mammals ▫It causes a sleeping sickness ▫A death disease, spread in tropic Africa ▫It is transmitted by a tsetse fly

Trypanosoma gambiense

PROTOZOA - RHIZOPODA A changeable body shape They accept food thanks to pseudopods Amoeba proteus ▫poodles, bottoms of pools Entamoeba histolytica ▫ a parasitical, gastric disease

Amoeba proteus – a cell structure A food vacuole A contractile vacuole A nucleus Cytoplasm A pseudopod

PROTOZOA - INFUSORIA The most perfect protozoa The most complicated structure They move thanks to flagella The accept food by a cell mouth They eat bacteria, algae… The are food for many animals

PROTOZOA - INFUSORIA Paramecium caudatum ▫Polluted waters ▫An indicator of pollution Vorticella ▫They appear in dense cover of water plants Stylonychia mytilus ▫In water plants

PROTOZOA – INFUSORIA, COREOPSIS A stigma Chloroplasts A nucleus A flagellum Paramecium caudatum Coreopsis Stylonychia mytilus

Revision: 1) Name at least three organelles of movement: 2) Which infusorian lives in polluted waters? 3) A rest, immobile, resistant stadium is called: 4) What causes a sleeping sickness ? 5) What vacuoles does a cell of infusoria include?

Source: DOBRORUKA, Luděk J. Přírodopis pro 7. ročník základní školy. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 1998, 152 s. ISBN