Sustainable Development - Imbalances and Opportunities Knowledge Sharing Forum for the JJ/WBGSP Scholars Konrad von Ritter WBI Sustainable Development February 23, 2009

World is in Imbalance… New WDR says, Geographic Imbalance might be helpful... Managing the costs of fast urbanization: planning ahead to prevent slums, mitigating GHG…

Imbalance of wealth distribution Per Capita Wealth (US$1000) Share of Wealth by Category (%) Source: World Bank (2006) Where is the Wealth of Nations

Trends: the rate of change in wealth greatly differs between Regions Source: World Bank (2006) Where is the Wealth of Nations

Food Production keeping up with Growing Population – but undernourishment persists … Source: Atlas of Global Development (2007)

AG Productivity: increasing in most parts, except SSA Increase in use of technology and access to knowledge will be critical to stimulate gains in agricultural productivity Source: Atlas of Global Development (forthcoming, 2007)

Water - limited resources supporting the engine of growth Source: Atlas of Global Development (forthcoming, 2007)

… but at a cost: Water – An Increasingly Scarce Natural Capital

WDR 2009 – The World In 3D:(Geographic) Imbalance can be good for Prosperity Higher Density Shorter Distance Fewer Divisions

High Density = High Attraction!

CountryCityCompany GDP/Revenues in $ billions PPP, 2005 World’s Top 100 Economies 11. Tokyo 12. New York 38.Mexico City 40. Wash DC 43. Walmart… 91. Rio d.J. 92. Barcelona 93. Shanghai

More Density – is happening everywhere: AFRICA - fastest urbanizing region! Urban population Rural population Total population Populations (millions) Rate of change (per cent) Total population Rural population Urban population Annual Change in Total, Annual Rate of Change in Total

Growing Importance of Cities  More than half the world is urban today  By 2040, world urban populations will double, and land areas will triple  Cities areas are likely the world’s most important stakeholders;  The are a big part of the problem, and an indispensable part of the solution…

Unbalanced growth – can bring prosperity, but with social and environmental costs  Mobility from Poor to Prosperous Regions  Can’t Stop (Mumbai tried…)  Growing Slums…  Up to 80% of GHG emissions from or for cities  Buildings, Power generation and transport, mainly associated with towns and cities, are responsible for the majority of CO2 emissions

Pro-active Approaches to Urban Slums – A WBI Toolkit

Urban Areas – Greatest Opportunites for GHG Reductions Municipal Areas Public Transport Metered Services Others Wastewater Buildings Solid Waste

WBG scaling up Urban Climate work Within overall WBG Strategy CC Strategy:  Financing: e.g. Mexico – first CIF investment: Urban mobility and energy efficency  Tools: e.g. GHG Index for Cities  Knowledge and Learning: e.g. Carbon Expo with urban theme

Mexico City: 37 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions Metropolitan zone of Mexico city : 60 million of tons of carbon dioxide equivalent 9.1% of the national emissions México: is the number 12 on GHG emissions and contributes with 1.5% of global emissions MEXICO CITY GREEN HOUSE EMISSIONS IN 2007

10 actions to reduce the GHG emission 1.8 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent reduction per year Investment needed for these actions 3,191 million dollars TRANSPORT EMISSION REDUCTION

Mexico City GHG Reduction Strategy

World Bank-Supported Global City Indicators Program Please visit for more informationwww.cityindicators.org  GHG Index will be linked to the GCIP  Member cities can share their baseline results and best practices

Carbon Expo 2009 in Barcelona

Thoughts for Discussion  What’s the right balance between making cities livable for future immigrants and rural areas attractive for reducing migration? Credits: Dan Hoornweg (Cities), Victor Vergara (Slums), B.Valle (Mexico), and as noted on slides