AquaMaps: Mapping Biodiversity Hotspots and Assessing Impacts of Climate Change K.Kaschner (FAO & Albert-Ludwigs- University of Freiburg), M. Taconet (FAO), A. Ellenbroek (FAO), N. Bailly (WFC), L. Pagano (CNR) EGEE’09 22 September 2009 Barcelona (Spain)

2 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change Our problem One solution -& its limitations Towards better solution..... Outline

3 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change We want to save the world.... Our Problem

4 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change Long-term protection of marine biodiversity Implementation of Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries Our Goals

5 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change Who‘s involved? Production systems / Fleets Resources of commercial interest Broader ecosystem Physical environment FAO WFC RFBs CoML / OBIS IOC IUCN Fisheries biodiversity Environment GBIF Environmental Monitoring Ecosystems approach to Fisheries Marine Conservation ESA

6 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change Marine mammal species (n = 115) Currently available point occurence data Our Problem, More Specifically: Limited Information about Species Occurrence

7 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change 800,000 occurrence records ( 300,000 described marine species > 1, potential species Our Problem, More Specifically: Limited Information about Species Occurrence ......not a lot of data / species

8 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change So, what to do? Solea Solea – Common Sole

9 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change The Solution: Species Distribution Modelling Input –Occurrence data & information –Environmental layers Algorithms –RES / AquaMaps (ecological niche model) –BioClim –Maxent…. Predictions –Existing distribution (mostly annual average) –Temporal projections (future/historic)

10 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change Our Solution: AquaMaps

11 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change Our Solution: AquaMaps... produce computer-generated, reproducable species range maps for (evenually) all species using available data and a transparent, easily understandable and modifiable approach, so maps can be reviewed and improved by species experts.  very large / global scale  low temporal resolution (annual average)  can deal with data poor species  can deal with imperfect input data

12 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – how does it work? Bathymetry Temperature –Sea surface temperature (SST) for pelagic species (0-200 m) –Bottom temperature for non-pelagic species (>200 m) Salinity –Sea surface salinity for pelagic species –Bottom salinity for non-pelagic species Primary production Sea Ice Concentration Distance to land (for special cases)  Global raster: 0.5 degree lat x lon = 180,000 cells

13 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – how does it work? Probability Observed min Observed max Optimal range 10th to 90th percentiles Environmental layer values 75th percentile +(IQR*1.5) 25th percentile -(IQR*1.5) IQR = interquartile range Environmental envelopes

14 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – how does it work?

15 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change Solea Solea – Common Sole Ready et al, accepted AquaMaps – how does it work?

16 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change > 9000 species covered AquaMaps – how does it work?

17 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – how good is it? Validating individual species range maps Kaschner et al, 2006 Southern elephant seal

18 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change Validating individual species range maps Kaschner et al, 2006 Testing model performance in comparison to other approaches J.Ready, K.Kaschner et al, accepted AquaMaps – how good is it?

19 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change Validating individual species range maps Kaschner et al, 2006 Testing model performance in comparison to other approaches J.Ready, K.Kaschner et al, accepted Validating species richness maps K.Kaschner et al, in prep AquaMaps – how good is it?

20 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it?

21 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it? Biodiversity Maps 45 of 57 species # of species / cell Scombridae

22 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it? Biodiversity Maps Species richness Gadidae: 23 of 25 species Mean length Mean trophic level

23 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it? Biodiversity Maps 6544 of species Ray-finned fishes # of species / cell The world, all species: up to 400 billions computations

24 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it?

25 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it? Longitudinal Transects

26 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it? Latitudinal gradientsLongitudinal gradients 40ºN 10ºE20ºE30ºE0ºE 30ºN 50ºN 35ºN 45ºN 5ºE 15ºE 25ºE Several lat / lon transects computed globally for many species

27 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it?

28 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it? MPA Planning Species selection based on: IUCN criteria Area dependence Resilience Fisheries Popularity Kaschner, 2007 RES threshold for assumed presence > 0.4 All marine mammals (n = 115) Kaschner, 2007 Spearman’s rho = 0.76, p <

29 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it? MPA Planning Kaschner, 2007 RES threshold for assumed presence > 0.4 Wood et al, in review ResNet optimization, all species: Several weeks using Supercomputers

30 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it?

31 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it? Modelling Impacts of Climate Change Kaschner, 2007 RES threshold for assumed presence > 0.4 Kaschner et al, in prep Marine Mammals (n = 115) Biodiversity gain [%] Biodiversity loss [%]

32 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it? Modelling Impacts of Climate Change Kaschner et al, in prep Marine Mammals (n = 115) Relative change in species richness by latitude & different taxonomic groups

33 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change AquaMaps – what can we do with it? Modelling Impacts of Climate Change WorldFish Centre Project: Hotspots, Fisheries and Climate Change in South China Sea - 6,188 half degree cells - 2,540 species environmental parameters Local multispecies map, several climate scenarios: up to 1 billion computations

34 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009  Requirements –harmonization of time series data –querying, with aggregation and reallocation rules –combining biodiversity information with fisheries Catch time series –spatial dimension and mapping (GIS) ICIS Fisheries Fishing activity / Catch Integrated Capture Information System  product: harmonized and reallocated catch statistics Implementing an Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change

35 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change This is where we’re going…. D4Science: Collaborative virtual laboratories (VREs) in support to science working environment with access to multidisciplinary data sources and chain workflow processes Facilitates control of data sharing and collaborative reporting Provides access to GRID Infrastructure, storage and computing powers to all regional fisheries bodies

36 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 Local Dynamic Aquamaps Environmental monitoring ICIS/time series D4Science Aquamaps WFC FisheriesBiodiversity Oceanography Habitats Geo-forms Hydrography Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems Satellite oceanography Species occurence FishBase OBIS ESA Fishing activity / Catch GIS areas - species FAO RFBs Catch statistics Reference system Catch statistics Reference system SealifeBase UBC G-POD end-users services AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change This is where we’re going….

37 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 Local Dynamic Aquamaps Environmental monitoring ICIS/time series D4Science Aquamaps WFC FisheriesBiodiversity Oceanography Habitats Geo-forms Hydrography Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems Satellite oceanography Species occurence FishBase OBIS ESA Fishing activity / Catch GIS areas - species FAO RFBs Catch statistics Reference system Catch statistics Reference system SealifeBase UBC G-POD end-users services AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change This is where we’re going….

38 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change Thank you

39 EGEE’09 Barcelona, 22 September 2009 AquaMaps – Biodiversity Hotspots & Climate Change Acknowledgements D4Science Contract n°: RI INCOFISH Project ( & AquaMaps ( –Jon Ready, Eli Agbayani, Josephine Rius Barile, Kathy Kesner- Reyes, Paul D. Eastwood, Andrew B. South, Sven O. Kullander, Tony Rees, Chris Close, Reg Watson, Daniel Pauly & Rainer Froese ‘Sea Around Us’ project ( & Pew Charitable Trusts of Philadelphia, USAwww.seaaroundus.org –Reg Watson, Andrew Trites, Daniel Pauly The Sloan Foundation & the FMAP Project ( –Boris Worm, Derek Tittensor, Tim Guerodette