Chemical Formula H 2 O How many atoms? How many elements? How many molecules? How many hydrogen atoms? Oxygen? Why kind of bonds are between the hydrogen and oxygen?
Water is the only substance on Earth that can be found naturally in all three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas). Liquid water is the most abundant
1. Polar Molecule Its ends have partial charges because of unequal electron sharing in covalent bonds. It is not an ion, it doesn’t have a charge. (+) (-) O H H Cl (-) Ion Polar Molecule
Water is called the universal solvent because it has the ability to dissolve so many substances. This is important in nature because water carries many minerals, chemicals, and nutrients through the ground and through our bodies.
The ability of water to absorb or release lots of heat before its temperature will change. Water has a VERY HIGH heat capacity. An empty pot on the stove will heat up much more quickly than the same pot filled with water because the water in the pot will absorb the heat instead of the pot absorbing it (the metal pot has a lower heat capacity than water).
The attractive force between like molecules (ex. water molecule to water molecule). Since water is polar, it “sticks” to other water molecules, resulting in a force between molecules which binds them together. This force is called cohesion, or a cohesive force.
The attractive force between unlike molecules (ex. Water to toothpick). Adhesion Water sticks to toothpick Cohesion (water sticks to water)
The formation of an elastic “sticky skin” on the surface of water due to the cohesive forces between water molecules, which is due to the polarity of water. Water has high surface tension. This is demonstrated as a drop of water falls from a spout. The drop clings to the tap, stretches, and finally lets go Video Clip: Basilisk LizardBasilisk Lizard
1. See how many drops of water you can fit on a penny. What property of water allows you to fit so much on the penny? 2. Now see how many drops of soapy water you can fit on a penny.