Industrialization

Preview and Processing What is a Industrial Revolution? Why would it begin in Britain? What is going on in the rest of Europe? Why is France going to be left out? What is a good example of rapid industrialization?

Railroad

Industrial Revolution: A period of increased output of goods made by machines and new inventions Industrialization: the process of developing machine productions of goods.

Great Britain’s Advantages Abundance of natural resources Geography Favorable climate for new ideas A good banking system Political stability

Life in the City People began moving to cities Problems as cities grow. Why would people want to live in the city?

Working Conditions Laissez-faire Government Average work day: 14 hours 6 days a week Factories were dark and unclean Machines could be dangerous Unsafe conditions in coal mines.

Making the Connection What do you see in the picture? Where was this picture taken? What were work conditions like? Why were children commonly employed during the Industrial Age?

Child Labor

Making the Connections Why would parents allow their children to work in such horrible conditions? Why was it so hard for the people who lived in poverty to get out of poverty? Today, are there people living in the United States living in poverty?

Class Tensions Poverty grips lower class. A middle class begins to emerge as people are making more money. -factory owners, merchants There are distinctive social distinctions between classes.

Laborers joined Unions. –Unions speak for all the works in a particular trade as they attempt to gain better conditions for workers

Making the Connection Are there still labor unions? What professions have labor unions? What do labor unions do for their employees? Why are some people pro and some con concerning labor unions?

Marxism Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels German Wrote a book –The Communist Manifesto Never led a country Class struggle Working class revolution Communism proletariat “Workers of the world, unite!”

Making the Connection Why would communism appeal to the working class? Does the communist concept / party still exist? Are there any modern countries that are communist? Has there been any example of communism seen in the US?

Turn of the Century

Art Music Sports Movies

Making the Connection What is mass culture? What do you see in this picture? Who painted this picture? What kind of art is this? Why would this type of art/ culture emerge in France?

Women Women are working in factories, but they earn only earn half as much as men. Some women are getting new jobs, such as teaching, nursing and secretaries. Women have very little rights. –No right to vote –Hold property

Social Divisions By 1900, only 1-2% of the population belongs to the upper class % belong to the middle class Merchants, shopkeepers, doctors, lawyers, teachers, government employees 63% belong to the lower class.

Nationalism

Making the Connection What is nationalism? How can nationalism threaten empires? How can nationalism unite cultures? How can minority groups suffer because of nationalists?

Nationalism The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation-that is, to the people with whom they share a culture and history-rather than to a king or empire.

Empires Weaken Austrian Empire Russian Empire Ottoman Empire

Countries Unite Camillo Di Cavour Unites Italy Otto von Bismarck unites Germany

The Balkans Powder keg Serbs, Bosnians, Montenegrins, Croats, Slovenes, Albanians, Bulgarians, and Romanians were part of the Balkans. They all wanted their own countries.

Making the Connection What is a powder keg? Why are the Balkans known as the powder keg of Europe? Does the US have any military involvement in the Balkans in 2014?

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially

Imperialistic nations: British, French, Dutch, Germany, Spain Imperialism causes conflict among European nations as they compete for territory.

Imperialistic countries began forming colonies. There are two methods of management for colonies –Indirect control: Relies on existing political rulers. (British) –Direct control: Europeans in control Paternalism: providing for their needs without giving them rights Assimilation: local populations adopt the culture of the country that colonizes them.

Immigration to France From Africa

Making the Connection How do countries benefit from imperialism? How can imperialism be negative? How does imperialism often contribute to nationalism? How can European imperialism and nationalism cause problems between European nations?