Barriers to the Successful Implementation of Kyoto Mechanisms (JI/CDM) in CEE and CIS Countries Marina Shvangiradze Ministry of Environment Protection.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
1 CF Assist Activities in Central and Eastern Europe Helmut Schreiber Annual Meeting of the Host Country Committee on Carbon Finance February 15-16, 2005.
Advertisements

Module 1: Introduction and recap M1. M1. Introduction and recap This first workshop covers all the following contents – as per work plan: CDM modalities.
James Grabert Manager, Joint Implementation, UNFCCC secretariat Joint Implementation Overview & Status Kyoto Protocol and Carbon Market.
CDM Project Cycle Carbon Markets – CDM project development, 8. August 2010 Jørgen Fenhann.
Republic of Macedonia and Climate Change Teodora O. Grncarovska, M.Sc, UNFCCC Focal Point.
Implementation of Capacity Development for CDM Project in Viet Nam Nguyen Khac Hieu Climate Change Coordinator Vietnam National Office for Climate Change.
Revision of key attributes and transitional measures relating to possible changes in the JI guidelines Wolfgang Seidel, Chair of the Joint Implementation.
1 Georg B ø rsting Chair of the JI Supervisory Committee Joint Implementation 1-3 April 2008 Bangkok, Thailand AWG-KP 5 In-session workshop on means to.
1 Kyoto Mechanism and Technology Transfer April 9-10, 2003 UNFCCC WS on Technology Transfer Shigetaka SEKI Director for Environmental Affairs Ministry.
Capacity Development Work plan for the Clean Development Mechanism in Uganda ROLES AND COMPOSITION OF THE DESIGNATED NATIONAL AUTHORITY (DNA) Presented.
Asian region workshop on “capacity development for the clean development mechanism” October 2005, AIT, Bangkok, Thailand VIETNAM DNA INSTITUTIONAL.
Romania’s Reporting Activities under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol Mr. Vlad Trusca Head of Climate Change Unit, UNFCCC National Focal Point Ministry of.
Mauritius, April 9, 2003 | Othmar Schwank UNFCCC Workshop on the use of the guidelines for the preparation of National Communications from non-Annex I.
Canada’s CDM & JI Office First UNFCCC Workshop on the Implementation of Article 6 Projects Under the Kyoto Protocol May , 2004 Moscow, Russia Jane.
Climate Change and the Clean Development Mechanism
CDM National Authorities : an Example Prepared for the National Workshop on Capacity Development for Clean Development Mechanism (CD4CDM) March 2003,
CAPACITY BUILDING ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN UZBEKISTAN: monitoring and evaluating The Centre of Hydrometeorological Service at the Cabinet of Ministers of the.
State, Trends and Barriers to Carbon Finance in RBEC Marina Olshanskaya Regional Energy/Kyoto Protocol Specialist RBEC Energy and Environment Practice.
Climate Change and CDM in Thailand
The Austrian JI/ CDM programme Forum MPD Maroc Marrakech, April the 21st and 22nd 2004 Mag. Angela Friedrich Ministry of Environment, Austria.
Breaking Legal Grounds…. Implementing a PCF Project Sao Paulo, Brazil - November 20, 2002 Charlotte Streck, PCF.
Experiences as a ER buyer and a general outlook Olle Björk Swedish Ministry of Sustainable Development Washington
Status of Joint Implementation and Green Investment Scheme Vlad Trusca Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development Romania - Annual meeting of.
Climate Change Related Activities in Romania Dumitra MEREUTA Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development - June 2007, Bucharest -
CD4CDM Suriname, First National Workshop, April 2008 Climate Change and CDM Institutional Architecture Glenn S. Hodes UNEP Risø Center.
Options and Recommendations Pre-sessional consultations on registries June 2002, Bonn, Germany DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL REGISTRY IN BULGARIA Options.
CDM implementation in Korea Gyungae Ha Center for Climate Change Mitigation Projects Korea Energy Management Corporation October , AIT, Thailand.
The African CDM Training Workshop and Preparatory UNFCCC COP9 Meeting Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, October 20 – 21, 2003 INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP FOR CDM Dr Youba.
ECONOLER INTERNATIONAL CDM/JI Office Canada Development of a Portfolio of CDM Projects in Indonesia Access to CDM & JI office of Canada facility Presented.
CDM Status in Pakistan Dr. Syed Sajidin Hussain Clean Development Mechanism Cell Ministry of Environment, Government of Pakistan
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Workshop on the preparation of national communications from non-Annex I Parties Manila,
Proposed plan to implement Capacity Development for CDM project in the forthcoming period Dr. DAO DUC TUAN Eng. NGUYEN KHAC HIEU National Office for Climate.
UNECE Country Profiles on Housing and Land Management.
Clean Development Mechanism June 23 th 2008Lehman Lee & Xu’s Beijing office Aldo Settimio Boni de Nobili Associate.
Cooperative Mechanisms UNFCCC secretariat JI under UNFCCC - An overview -
Prasetyadi Utomo Ministry of Environment of Indonesia CD4CDM Workshop Pathumthani, Thailand 19 – 21 October, 2005 Indonesia’s Policy on CDM Implementation.
GIS Development in Romania Vlad Trusca Head of Climate Change Unit Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development “REC Workshop “Facilitating GIS:
CHALLENGES AHEAD Daniela Stoycheva Climate change and emissions trading consultant March, Budapest, Hungary, REC.
UNFCCC Secretariat Utilizing the existing CDM institutional arrangements for NAMAs Perumal Arumugam Regional Workshop on CDM and NAMAs for Latin America.
CDM Project Cycle & Project Design Document Project Design Document First Extended & Regional Workshops CD4CDM Project Siem Reap, Cambodia March.
Kai-Uwe B. Schmidt Maria Netto Cooperative Mechanisms UNFCCC secretariat Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol.
Clean Development Mechanism Cell, Ministry of Environment, Government of Pakistan Pakistan National Operational Strategy for Clean Development Mechanism.
L/O/G/O ประเสริฐสุข จามรมาน รองผู้อำนวยการองค์การบริหาร จัดการก๊าซเรือนกระจก ยุทธศาสตร์การเติบโต แบบสีเขียว (Green Growth) 1.
1 Republic of Kazakhstan: Status of Climate Change Activities Kanat Baigarin, Head of the Climate Change Coordination Center  Population 15,8 million.
CD4CDM Review of Workshop 1 ….innovating energy solutions…. KITE, SSN & UNEP.
© 2006 UNDP. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. Proprietary and Confidential. Not For Distribution Without Prior Written Permission. CDM Project Cycle Anna.
1 Summary National Workshop Technical Workshop on CDM Paramaribo, 18 June 2008 Adriaan Korthuis.
July 3 – 4, 2003, Szentendre Dr. Valdemars Scerbaks MSc Peteris Blumats.
Regional perspectives under the Clean Development Mechanism Jose Domingos Gonzalez Miguez, Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil.
Building Bridges Presentation of The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe Marta Szigeti Bonifert Executive Director.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM) NATIONAL AUTHORITY, OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR THE PHILIPPINES Establishment.
Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM: MALAYSIA’S EXPERIENCES BY DR NADZRI YAHAYA DEPUTY DIRECTOR CONSERVATION.
UNEP Collaborating Centre on Energy and Environment CD for CDM - Phase 1 - First National Workshop, Egypt December Capacity Development for.
Technology Needs Assessments under GEF Enabling Activities “Top Ups” UNFCCC/UNDP Expert Meeting on Methodologies for Technology Needs Assessments
Sustainable Development: Cooperation in FEALAC Sustainable Development: Cooperation in FEALAC October ,200 7 Economy and Society WG Delegation of Japan.
Introduction to the Project Cycle Jane Ebinger Senior Energy Specialist Sustainable Development Department The World Bank.
UNEP-GEF Projects for National Biosafety Frameworks Århus Convention WG on GMOs Geneva, March 2004.
Overview of the Legal Framework: UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol Session 1 M.J. Mace Climate Change and Energy Programme ECBI pre-COP 13 Workshop for Least Developed.
Policy, normative base and experience of Kyoto Protocol implementation in Bulgaria and other Central European Countries Daniela Stoycheva Consultant emissions.
Francisco Arango UNFCCC secretariat JI section Joint Implementation State of Play UNFCCC Technical Workshop on.
Capacity Development for the CDM (CD4CDM) First National Workshop - SURINAM Host Country Institutional Issues Miriam Hinostroza UNEP.
1 CDM institutional framework Maria Netto UNFCCC secretariat Addis Ababa 21 October 2003
UNFCCC Technical Workshop on Joint Implementation Bonn, 13 February, 2007 Session 2: Parties Involved in JI Projects – Panel Experiences and Expectations.
JISC – work accomplished and challenges ahead
Cambodia National Work Plan
UNFCCC Technical Workshop on Joint Implementation
Dr. Popi KONIDARI Research Fellow of KEPA Prof. Dimitrios MAVRAKIS
REReP regional meeting on “Energy and climate” in South Eastern Europe
Session 1 Guidelines for projects under Article 6 of the Kyoto Protocol First UNFCCC workshop on implementation of Article 6 projects under the Kyoto Protocol.
Possibilities for promoting environmental protection projects
Presentation transcript:

Barriers to the Successful Implementation of Kyoto Mechanisms (JI/CDM) in CEE and CIS Countries Marina Shvangiradze Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Recourses of Georgia National Agency on Climate Change 9 October, 2004 Almaty, Kazakhstan

Content of presentation Overview of CEE/CIS countries status in Convention process; Overview of CEE/CIS countries status in Convention process; CDM international process and barriers in CEE/CIS countries; CDM international process and barriers in CEE/CIS countries; CDM/JI national process and existing barriers; CDM/JI national process and existing barriers; Role of DNA and capacity needs; Role of DNA and capacity needs; Ongoing activities of international donors; Ongoing activities of international donors; Role of UNDP in CDM capacity building process (suggestions); Role of UNDP in CDM capacity building process (suggestions);

Overview of CEE/CIS Countries Status in Convention Process In total 32 countries are under consideration; In total 32 countries are under consideration; 27 countries with different status to the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol are from CEE; 27 countries with different status to the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol are from CEE; 5 countries in transition (CIS) are from Asia; 5 countries in transition (CIS) are from Asia; CEE is the only region from five regions identified by Convention comprising the countries with different obligations and eligible for the different mechanisms; CEE is the only region from five regions identified by Convention comprising the countries with different obligations and eligible for the different mechanisms;

(Cont.) (Cont.) 14 countries in transition from CEE are Annex-I Parties to the Convention and 13 of them (except Belarus) are Annex B Parties to the Protocol with the quantitative obligations on reduction of GHGs emissions in the commitment periods; 14 countries in transition from CEE are Annex-I Parties to the Convention and 13 of them (except Belarus) are Annex B Parties to the Protocol with the quantitative obligations on reduction of GHGs emissions in the commitment periods; These countries are eligible for all flexible mechanisms: ET, JI, CDM; These countries are eligible for all flexible mechanisms: ET, JI, CDM; They could be only investors in CDM projects; They could be only investors in CDM projects; They are potential investor or host countries in JI; They are potential investor or host countries in JI;

(Cont.) (Cont.) In the international process of JI they are still considered as host countries to be in need for outside assistance in building of national capacity; In the international process of JI they are still considered as host countries to be in need for outside assistance in building of national capacity; In 2003 attractiveness of CEE JI host countries were assessed according to the following indicators: potential project pipelines, political and institutional environment, general investment climate, past experience with AIJ/JI projects. (Norwegian Point Carbon) In 2003 attractiveness of CEE JI host countries were assessed according to the following indicators: potential project pipelines, political and institutional environment, general investment climate, past experience with AIJ/JI projects. (Norwegian Point Carbon) Countries have been ranged as follows: Countries have been ranged as follows:

Romania, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Czech Republic (Top half); Romania, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Czech Republic (Top half); Russian Federation and Ukraine (Bottom half): Huge potential and political interest; Weak institutional structure; Russian Federation and Ukraine (Bottom half): Huge potential and political interest; Weak institutional structure; Baltic States-JI market it rather small; Baltic States-JI market it rather small; Croatia and Slovenia had low score on all indicators; Croatia and Slovenia had low score on all indicators; 10 Countries in transition (Annex I and non- Annex I) from the region joined EU on 1 May, Now they are eligible and have to obey the EU Linking Directive. 10 Countries in transition (Annex I and non- Annex I) from the region joined EU on 1 May, Now they are eligible and have to obey the EU Linking Directive.

Beginning of 2003 Beginning of Romania 2. Slovakia 3. Czech Republic 4. Poland 5. Hungary 6. Bulgaria 7. Russian Federation 8. Estonia 9. Ukraine 10. Latvia 11. Lithuania 12. Slovenia 13. Croatia Beginning of 2004 Beginning of Romania 2. Bulgaria 3. Slovakia 4. Czech Republic 5. Hungary 6. Poland 7. Estonia 8. Russian Federation 9. Ukraine 10. Latvia 11. Lithuania 12. Slovenia 13. Croatia

The EU Linking Directive 10 countries are already EU members (three pending); 10 countries are already EU members (three pending); Final agreement: April 2004; Final agreement: April 2004; Accounting of CERs and ERUs in EU ETS; Accounting of CERs and ERUs in EU ETS; EU ET System doesn’t depend on ratification of Kyoto Protocol; EU ET System doesn’t depend on ratification of Kyoto Protocol; Restricted use of CERs/ERUs by operators (% defined in NAP; Restricted use of CERs/ERUs by operators (% defined in NAP; No nuclear, no sinks projects are eligible; No nuclear, no sinks projects are eligible; Use of CERs from 2005; Use of CERs from 2005; Use of ERUs from Use of ERUs from 2008.

Distribution of JI projects by host countries EE projects are most attractive. 11 CEE countries have reported AIJ projects on EE; EE projects are most attractive. 11 CEE countries have reported AIJ projects on EE; Fuel switch and Renewables are next after EE. 6 countries reported projects for these sectors; Fuel switch and Renewables are next after EE. 6 countries reported projects for these sectors; 2 countries (Russ., Czech.) have AIJ projects in A/R and forest preservation sectors. No agriculture; 2 countries (Russ., Czech.) have AIJ projects in A/R and forest preservation sectors. No agriculture; In total reported to the UNFCCC Secretariat AIJ projects 60 (30%)? Are from CEE region. In total reported to the UNFCCC Secretariat AIJ projects 60 (30%)? Are from CEE region. For 17 JI projects emissions transfer has been already agreed. Romania-5, Estonia-5, Hungary-2, Bulgaria- 1, Czech Republic-1, Latvia-1, Poland-1, Slovakia-1; For 17 JI projects emissions transfer has been already agreed. Romania-5, Estonia-5, Hungary-2, Bulgaria- 1, Czech Republic-1, Latvia-1, Poland-1, Slovakia-1;

13 countries in transition from CEE are non- Annex I Parties without any quantitative obligations on GHGs emissions reduction; 13 countries in transition from CEE are non- Annex I Parties without any quantitative obligations on GHGs emissions reduction; 5 CIS countries in transition from Asia are also non-Annex I Parties (Kazakhstan is special case); 5 CIS countries in transition from Asia are also non-Annex I Parties (Kazakhstan is special case); These countries are eligible only as host countries for CDM; These countries are eligible only as host countries for CDM; 19 countries of 32 mentioned (27-CEE/CIS and 5-Asia/CIS) have ratified Kyoto; Three countries have signed but not ratified yet. 19 countries of 32 mentioned (27-CEE/CIS and 5-Asia/CIS) have ratified Kyoto; Three countries have signed but not ratified yet.

(Cont.) (Cont.) Only 5 of 18 potential CDM host countries in the region have already Designated National Authority (DNA), which is one of the criteria for country’s eligibility in CDM; Only 5 of 18 potential CDM host countries in the region have already Designated National Authority (DNA), which is one of the criteria for country’s eligibility in CDM; No projects have been implemented in these 18 countries under the AIJ pilot phase launched in 1995; No projects have been implemented in these 18 countries under the AIJ pilot phase launched in 1995; No projects are yet submitted for registration as CDM project from the region; No projects are yet submitted for registration as CDM project from the region;

Key players in CDM process (Decision 17/CP.7, Modalities and Procedures) The COP/MOP shall further: (a) Review annual report of the executive board; (b) Review the regional and subregional distribution of designated operational entities and take appropriate decisions to promote accreditation of such entities from developing country Parties; (c) Review the regional and subregional distribution of CDM project activities with a view to identifying systematic or systemic barriers to their equitable distribution and take appropriate decisions, based, inter alia, on a report by the executive board;

International process: CDM Executive Board – A member and an alternate from CEE region. CDM Executive Board – A member and an alternate from CEE region. Methodological Panel- 2 seats for CEE. Region can not provide experts. Methodological Panel- 2 seats for CEE. Region can not provide experts. Roster of experts for assessment teams on baseline and monitoring issues. Only one expert from region (Meth. Panel member). Roster of experts for assessment teams on baseline and monitoring issues. Only one expert from region (Meth. Panel member). Accreditation Panel-2 seats for CEE. No aplication has been received from region. Accreditation Panel-2 seats for CEE. No aplication has been received from region.

Roster of experts for accreditation assessment teams. No application has been received from CEE/CIS; Roster of experts for accreditation assessment teams. No application has been received from CEE/CIS; Accreditation of Operational Entities (OE/DOE) for Validation, Verification & Certification. No application has been received from CEE/CIS; No application from CEE/CIS. Accreditation of Operational Entities (OE/DOE) for Validation, Verification & Certification. No application has been received from CEE/CIS; No application from CEE/CIS. Baseline and monitoring methodology submission. 3 of 64 Methodologies submitted are from CEE/CIS (2 Moldova and 1 Uzbekistan). Not approved yet. Baseline and monitoring methodology submission. 3 of 64 Methodologies submitted are from CEE/CIS (2 Moldova and 1 Uzbekistan). Not approved yet.

(Cont.) (Cont.) Working group on afforestation and reforestation. Only one application (Poland); Working group on afforestation and reforestation. Only one application (Poland); Working group on small-scale projects. Only one application (in first round). Working group on small-scale projects. Only one application (in first round).

Barriers to CDM at international level in CEE/CIS Lack of technical experts in baseline and monitoring methodology; Lack of technical experts in baseline and monitoring methodology; Low awareness and not enough experience among the private companies, potential OE; Low awareness and not enough experience among the private companies, potential OE; Lack of experts with significant experience in accreditation procedures; Lack of experts with significant experience in accreditation procedures; Access to internet and other communication facilities; Access to internet and other communication facilities; Language. Language.

National Process: Eligibility Criteria for country’s participation in CDM: Eligibility Criteria for country’s participation in CDM: (a) Party to Kyoto Protocol (a) Party to Kyoto Protocol (b) Designated National Authority (b) Designated National Authority (c ) Voluntary Participation (c ) Voluntary Participation Eligibility Criteria for project as CDM project: Eligibility Criteria for project as CDM project: (a) Contribution in sustainable development (a) Contribution in sustainable development (b) Additionality (b) Additionality (c) Report on stakeholder comments (c) Report on stakeholder comments (d) Assessment of Environmental Integrity (d) Assessment of Environmental Integrity

Barriers to JI host countries GHGs national inventory is required for track 1 JI; GHGs national inventory is required for track 1 JI; For track 2 JI are eligible CEE countries until they have not established strong national systems for GHGs inventory; For track 2 JI are eligible CEE countries until they have not established strong national systems for GHGs inventory; Track 2 JI requires Supervisory Committee and similar procedures as CDM. CDM barriers existing at international level will be the same for JI; Track 2 JI requires Supervisory Committee and similar procedures as CDM. CDM barriers existing at international level will be the same for JI; Absence of national procedures for project national approval; Absence of national procedures for project national approval; Not attractive investment environment; Not attractive investment environment; Capacities of JI national focal points. Capacities of JI national focal points. Lack of bankable JI projects. Lack of bankable JI projects.

Role of DNA and capacity needs Provide project participants (PP) with host country approval letters that: Project contributes in host countriy’s sustainable development; Project contributes in host countriy’s sustainable development; Country’s participation in project is voluntary; Country’s participation in project is voluntary; In case if country participate in project through public/private entity the entity shall be authorized by country. In case if country participate in project through public/private entity the entity shall be authorized by country.

DNA should enable the environment for flexible, effective and successful implimenation of CDM projects: Selection of CDM priority sectors Selection of CDM priority sectors Establishment of SD criteria Establishment of SD criteria Monitoring of EIA for each CDM project Monitoring of EIA for each CDM project Providing the national guidelines to present PIN and PDD Providing the national guidelines to present PIN and PDD Issuance of approval letters Issuance of approval letters Facilitation of the process of signing the MoU with different bilateral and multilateral CDM programmes. Facilitation of the process of signing the MoU with different bilateral and multilateral CDM programmes.

Barriers to the private sector when developing the project Lack of in-country information and experience on the state-of– the-art renewable energy and energy efficient technologies Lack of in-country information and experience on the state-of– the-art renewable energy and energy efficient technologies Lack of in-country capacity to develop “bankable” investment proposals, feasibility studies and business plans Lack of in-country capacity to develop “bankable” investment proposals, feasibility studies and business plans Data gaps and access to the necessary information Data gaps and access to the necessary information Lack of an adequate legal and regulatory framework to support energy efficiency and renewable energy investments Lack of an adequate legal and regulatory framework to support energy efficiency and renewable energy investments Lack of approved and functioning strategies and programs at the Government level for the long term, sustainable development of the economy sectors Lack of approved and functioning strategies and programs at the Government level for the long term, sustainable development of the economy sectors

Financing problems faced by project developers Relatively small size of the projects, which make them less attractive to big, international financing organizations (high transaction costs) Relatively small size of the projects, which make them less attractive to big, international financing organizations (high transaction costs) High perceived risks of developing and financing projects in Georgia, leading to high interest rates, short pay-back periods and difficulties in getting access to the financing in general High perceived risks of developing and financing projects in Georgia, leading to high interest rates, short pay-back periods and difficulties in getting access to the financing in general Weak financial status of the local companies and problems in meeting the strict guarantee and collateral requirements of the possible financiers Weak financial status of the local companies and problems in meeting the strict guarantee and collateral requirements of the possible financiers

On-going international projects on capacity building for CDM/JI in CEE/CIS TACIS (Armenia, Azerbaiuan, Georgia, Moldova) TACIS (Armenia, Azerbaiuan, Georgia, Moldova) Canada-CIDA(Azerbaijan, Kazhakhstan, Uzbekistan) Canada-CIDA(Azerbaijan, Kazhakhstan, Uzbekistan) Eastern Climate Change Network (ECCN) Project (11 countries: JI countries -7, CDM countries-4) Eastern Climate Change Network (ECCN) Project (11 countries: JI countries -7, CDM countries-4) WB NSS- Study on CDM Capacity Building (Uzbekistan) WB NSS- Study on CDM Capacity Building (Uzbekistan) Regional project on inventory(12 countries CEE/CIS) Regional project on inventory(12 countries CEE/CIS)

Suggestion for UNDP future response Strengthening the capacity of DNA Strengthening the capacity of DNA Improving the coordination while implementing the strategic programmes (such as EDPRS, MDG, long and short term programmes for renewable energy sector, EE measures, etc.) Improving the coordination while implementing the strategic programmes (such as EDPRS, MDG, long and short term programmes for renewable energy sector, EE measures, etc.) Strengthening the links between CDM and poverty reduction, public private participation programmes, Strengthening the links between CDM and poverty reduction, public private participation programmes, Establishing the CEE/CIS regional training center (cources) for the experts: Establishing the CEE/CIS regional training center (cources) for the experts: -technical experts on methodological and accreditation issues; -technical experts on methodological and accreditation issues; -negotiators for international political and project level processes; -negotiators for international political and project level processes; -priority should be given to experts already applied for different CDM bodies and been rejected because of lack of experience. -priority should be given to experts already applied for different CDM bodies and been rejected because of lack of experience.

Investigation of barriers and potential of CDM in CEE/CIS region Investigation of barriers and potential of CDM in CEE/CIS region Increasing the assistance for improvement of data gathering systems, statistics and monitoring; Increasing the assistance for improvement of data gathering systems, statistics and monitoring; Implementation of plans developed in the framework of capacity needs self-assessment programmes is also very important; Implementation of plans developed in the framework of capacity needs self-assessment programmes is also very important; Promote the participation of private sector in CDM public awareness; Promote the participation of private sector in CDM public awareness; Facilitate the stakeholder participation in decision making process. Facilitate the stakeholder participation in decision making process.