Nerves and Stimuli. Nerve Cells axon myelin Action Potential.

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Presentation transcript:

Nerves and Stimuli

Nerve Cells

axon myelin

Action Potential

CytosolExtracellular fluid Na + 15 mM K mM Cl mM A mM Na mM K + 5 mM Cl - 10 mM -70 mV negative

Action Potential Sodium (Na + ) ion Potassium (K + ) ion Sodium channel Potassium channel Activation gate Inactivation gate

Action Potential 3. Depolarization opens most Na + activation channels. Influx of Na + makes inside of cell +ve. 4. Inactivation channels close & block Na + influx. Activation gates on K + channels open & K + ions leave making cell more -ve. 5. Some K + channels are still open, allowing K + ions to escape and making the cell more -ve. As the K + gates close, the cell returns to its resting state. 1. Resting state - activation gates on K + and Na + channels are closed. 2. Stimulus opens activation gates on some Na + channels. Influx of Na + and depolarization.

Synaptic Junctions

Chemoreceptors Hamster - taste budMoth antenna

Mechano- and chemoreceptors

Thermoreceptors

Photoreceptors Photosensitive cells - Planaria Compound eye - Arthropods

Nerve cells, stimuli and behaviour Tail flip response in crayfish

Lateral Giant interneuron (LGI)

a. Correlation between nerve firing and response LGI Stimulating electrode Recording electrode Tactile stimulation b. LGL is sufficent for response LGI Stimulating electrode Recording electrode Tactile stimulation LGI Stimulating electrode Recording electrode Tactile stimulation c. Hyperpolarizing nerve Tail flip No tail flip

Peripheral Processing of Stimuli Worm-catching Toads

Central Processing Optic Tectum of a Toad

Central Pattern Generators (Motor Pattern Generators)

Nerves and Stimuli 1. Structure of nerves 2. Polarity of a nerve cell 3. Transmission of an action potential 4. Peripheral filters 5. Central filters 6. Motor pattern generators

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