Essential Question: In what ways did Reconstruction begin to help African Americans in the South?

What does it mean to RECONSTRUCT something?

Key Questions 1. How do we bring the South back into the Union? 2. How do we rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? 3. How do we integrate and protect newly- emancipated black freedmen? 4. What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction?

President Lincoln’s Plan  10% Plan * Pardon crimes for Confederate officers * to convince them to join union * accept end to slavery * Replace majority rule with “loyal rule” in the South. * Plan would be recognized when 10% of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty

Wade-Davis Bill (1864)  By Radical Republicans  Wanted terms much more difficult for southern whites to accept  made it impossible for Confederate states  RESULT: Less confederate states would return to Union Senator Benjamin Wade (R-OH) Congressman Henry W. Davis (R-MD)

13 th Amendment  Ratified in December, Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Abolished slavery

President Andrew Johnson  Elected after Lincoln was assassinated

President Johnson’s Plan (10%+)  Made most Confederate states eligible for pardons if they became loyal  Created easy terms so Confederate states could return to their place in Union  States had to hold constitutional convention  Write new constitution to void  Slavery  Ratify 13 th Amendment  Stop payments of state war debts

Things didn’t work out…  Many Southern state constitutions fell short of minimum requirements.  Revival of the South BLACK CODES

Black Codes  Purpose: * Guarantee stable labor  Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers  Plantation owners would rent land to black families.  Give 1/3 of crop to plantation owner

Emergence of Sharecropping EA3E3AC1B&blnFromSearch=1&prod uctcode=UShttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=D82DCB E EA3E3AC1B&blnFromSearch=1&prod uctcode=UShttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=D82DCB E EA3E3AC1B&blnFromSearch=1&prod uctcode=UShttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=D82DCB E EA3E3AC1B&blnFromSearch=1&prod uctcode=US 5 min

Freedmen’s Bureau

Essential Question: In what ways did the Freedmen’s Bureau meet resistant from Southerners during the beginning of Reconstruction?In what ways did the Freedmen’s Bureau meet resistant from Southerners during the beginning of Reconstruction?

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)  Congress forms the Freedmen’s Bureau.  Counteracts the Black Codes  Called “carpetbaggers” by white southern Democrats.

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)  Organized to help ex- slaves with  Food  medical care  resettlement  education

“Carpetbaggers” Term in which Southerners gave to Northerners who moved to South during Reconstruction Carpetbaggers were seen as sneaky Northern outsiders with questionable objectives

Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes Plenty to eat and nothing to do.

Successes of Freedmen’s Bureau Gained support quickly from African AmericansGained support quickly from African Americans Elected as officials by African American votersElected as officials by African American voters BuiltBuilt –Schools –Churches Modernize the SouthModernize the South

Struggles of Freedmen’s Bureau Were accused of having ulterior motivesWere accused of having ulterior motives Were not looking out for the best interest of African AmericansWere not looking out for the best interest of African Americans

Freedmen’s Bureau School

Slavery is Dead? Ku Klux Klan Whites attack on Reconstruction Between whites launched a counterrevolution against the changes of Reconstruction

Documentary: Marshall Twitchell A representative of the Freedmen’s Bureau working in Louisiana fm?guidAssetId=627D416E-1B1D-4B84- 87F4- 7E3C90493B61&blnFromSearch=1&produ ctcode=US fm?guidAssetId=627D416E-1B1D-4B84- 87F4- 7E3C90493B61&blnFromSearch=1&produ ctcode=US 5 min

EXIT TICKET Do you think the creation of the Freedmen’s Bureau helped or hindered the struggle for equality for African Americans?Do you think the creation of the Freedmen’s Bureau helped or hindered the struggle for equality for African Americans?

The Road to Equality Essential Question: How did the 14 th and 15 th Amendment allow for change during the Reconstruction Era?How did the 14 th and 15 th Amendment allow for change during the Reconstruction Era?

14 th Amendment  Ratified in July, * Provide a constitutional guarantee * for rights of freed people.  Southern states would be punished  denying the right to vote to black citizens!

15 th Amendment  Ratified in  The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.  It gives black males the right to vote.

WORD SPLASH Amnesty ActAmnesty Act Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877 Andrew JohnsonAndrew Johnson Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln 14 th Amendment14 th Amendment 15 th Amendment15 th Amendment Freedmen’s BureauFreedmen’s Bureau Military Reconstruction Act of 1867Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Carpetbaggers Scalawags Ku Klux Klan sharecroppers Tenant farmers Rutherford Hayes

Essential Question: What were the political, social and economic changes that occurred during the Reconstruction Era and how did these reforms impact African Americans and white southerners?What were the political, social and economic changes that occurred during the Reconstruction Era and how did these reforms impact African Americans and white southerners?

The First Steps…Political Three Reconstruction Acts are passed.Three Reconstruction Acts are passed. –Military Reconstruction Act –Command of Army Act –Tenure of Office Act

Reconstruction Acts of 1867  Military Reconstruction Act (1 st ) * Divide the 10 “unreconstructed states” * into 5 military districts.

Reconstruction Acts of 1867  Command of the Army Act (2 nd ) * President issue all Reconstruction orders through the commander of the military  Tenure of Office Act (3 rd ) * The President could not remove any officials without the Senate’s consent Designed to protect radical members of Lincoln’s government.

Black Senate & House Delegates African Americans began to be elected to public offices Black Senate & House Delegates African Americans began to be elected to public offices

Social Steps… Organized conventions to fight forOrganized conventions to fight for –Right to vote –Equal access to schools –Transportation –And to use public facilities Slave marriages began to have legal standingSlave marriages began to have legal standing Maintained strong family tiesMaintained strong family ties –through churches

Economic Steps… Type of work didn’t really change…Type of work didn’t really change… African Americans foundAfrican Americans found jobs in jobs in –Cities –Women became domestic servants SharecroppingSharecropping

John R. Lynch and Legislation B4DC- 25B1BE9654F1&blnFromSearch=1&produ ctcode=UShttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3A8869D7-3C63-4CF6- B4DC- 25B1BE9654F1&blnFromSearch=1&produ ctcode=UShttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3A8869D7-3C63-4CF6- B4DC- 25B1BE9654F1&blnFromSearch=1&produ ctcode=UShttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3A8869D7-3C63-4CF6- B4DC- 25B1BE9654F1&blnFromSearch=1&produ ctcode=US 5 min

EXIT TICKET Wrap up 3-2-1Wrap up Write downWrite down –3 ways that life improved for African Americans –2 problems African Americans still faced –1 reason that white southerners were upset

Essential Question: What ways did Reconstruction begin to end?What ways did Reconstruction begin to end?

The “Invisible Empire of the South”

The Failure of Federal Enforcement  Enforcement Acts of 1870 & 1871 [also known as the KKK Act].  “The Lost Cause.”  Gave federal government  power to punish violators.

The Amnesty Act of 1872 It removes the restrictions placed on Confederate office-holders.It removes the restrictions placed on Confederate office-holders.

The Civil Rights Act of 1875  Prohibited discrimination for any reason  Shortcoming  lacked a strong enforcement mechanism.  No new civil rights act was attempted for 90 years!

1876 Presidential Tickets

Hayes Prevails

A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877 Southern Democrats wanted Federal Troops out of South Federal Troops pushed and continued Reconstruction Southern Democrats wanted Reconstruction to end

The “Compromise” of 1877 Presidential election between Hayes and TildenPresidential election between Hayes and Tilden Tilden wonTilden won However Hayes promised if he was President he would remove federal troops from southern statesHowever Hayes promised if he was President he would remove federal troops from southern states Democrats allowed for Hayes to become PresidentDemocrats allowed for Hayes to become President Federal troops left the SouthFederal troops left the South

EXIT TICKET If there really was an end to Reconstruction and African Americans were given the same rights as whites, why was there a Civil Rights Movement almost 90 years later?If there really was an end to Reconstruction and African Americans were given the same rights as whites, why was there a Civil Rights Movement almost 90 years later?