Plate Tectonics, Volcanoes and Earthquakes Test Review! Plate Tectonics Geography Earthquakes Volcanoes Hodge Podge

100 - Q What type of boundary is shown on the left? Give an example of where this might be found on earth.

100 - A Large transform faults can be found in California at the San Andreas Fault, in Haiti (Caribbean), and Turkey!

200 - Q What type of boundary is shown on the left? Give an example of where this might be found on earth.

200 - A This is a convergent boundary! There is a subduction zone and a trench where oceanic crust is sinking below continental crust. You can find this all around the Ring of Fire in the Pacific Ocean. (Japan, Alaska, Indonesia, Phillipines, etc.)

300 - Q What type of boundary is shown on the left? Give an example of where this might be found on earth.

300 - A This is a divergent plate boundary! You will find this (ridge) in Iceland or the mid- Atlantic ridge and in the Great Rift Valley in Africa.

400 - Q Why are the earth’s plates moving?

400 - A The great heat from the core causes convection currents in the mantle! The crust is carried along as cooler areas sink and hotter areas rise.

500 - Q Why are there clusters of many earthquakes and volcanoes in some specific areas?

500 - A Some areas are near plate boundaries, are near a hot spot, or have active faults in areas with hard rock.

100 -Q How or why are the Himalayas forming? Where are the Himalayas?

100 - A The Himalayas are forming because the Indian plate is colliding with the Eurasian plate. Since they both have the same density, one plate is not sinking below the other, they just pile up into huge mountains! The Himalayas are in Asia. They touch India, China, Tibet, Burma, …

200 - Q Name a mountain range in South America that is built by a subduction zone at a continent-oceanic convergent boundary.

200 - A The Andes mountains are a huge mountain range in South America. They stretch through Colombia, Equador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile!

300 - Q 1. Where is a hot spot located? ___ 2. Where is magma rising as two plates are spreading apart? __ 3. Where are two plates grinding past each other at a transform fault? ___ 4. Where are mountains building without volcanoes? ___ 5. Where would you find the least number of earthquakes? ___

300 - A 1. Where is a hot spot located? _A__ 2. Where is magma rising as two plates are spreading apart? D__ 3. Where are two plates grinding past each other at a transform fault? _B__ 4. Where is mountain building occurring? _E__ 5. Where would you find the least number of earthquakes? _C__

400 - Q Match the following by writing the appropriate number: ___Hot spot (Hawaii) ___ Andes mountains and Peruvian trench. ___ San Andreas fault ___ Mid-Atlantic ridge ___ Himalayas ___ Where would you find a ridge and a rift valley?

400 - A 3 Hot spot (Hawaii) 2 Andes mountains and Peruvian trench. 1 San Andreas fault 4 Mid-Atlantic ridge 5 Himalayas 6 Where would you find a ridge and a rift valley?

500 - Q The mid-Atlantic ridge is formed because of this process and it is making the Atlantic Ocean get bigger as we move away from Europe!

500 - A Seafloor spreading!

100 - Q You might just barely feel an earthquake when it reaches this magnitude on the Richter scale.

100 - A ~ 2.5

200 - Q An earthquake between 6.5 and 7.0 on the Richter Scale would cause this kind of damage.

200 - A There would be major damage to many buildings, dams, and bridges. There could also be landslides or fires.

300 - Q What is the cause of most earthquakes?

300 - A There is pressure at a hot spot or plate boundary that causes a break and movement along a fault.

400 - Q The surface location where rocks break, move, and cause an earthquake, (and often has the most damage) is called the ……………....

400 - A Epicenter!

500 - Q Identify at least five objects you would include in an earthquake emergency survival kit.

500 - A Water (1gallon/person/day), water purifier, 1 st aid kit, flashlights, batteries, portable radio, non- refrigerated food (canned, dried), camp stove, non- perishable foods like jerky, peanut butter, granola, nutrition bars; extra set of clothes & shoes, personal hygiene supplies, tarp, blanket, can opener, knife, hand-cranked cell phone charger, fire starter and extinguisher, small shovel, your medicine, and remember that your pet needs pet food.

100 - Q What causes some volcanoes to have “quiet” eruptions, and other volcanoes to have “explosive” eruptions?

100 - A Quiet volcanoes have lava that is low in silica and has low viscosity, so the lava flows easily. Explosive volcanoes have lava that is high in silica, gas, and high viscosity. This causes pressure to build and gases to expand, which cause explosive eruptions.

200 - Q How can a volcano kill you? Be specific about the hazards that a volcano brings to the part.

200 - A Ash can suffocate or burn you, gas can poison, “bombs” and cinder can hit and burn or kill you, steam can burn or kill you, mudflows, lahars, lava, and pyroclastic flows can bury you! Large amounts of ash can drop the temperature of earth and cause crop failure. Acids or poisons in the air can kill crops or kill cattle, fish, etc. which can lead to famine. Tsunamis can be triggered and drown you.

300 - Q What is the difference between a dormant and an extinct volcano?

300 - A A dormant volcano can erupt in the future. It is “sleeping”. An extinct volcano is unlikely to ever erupt again. It is “dead”.

400 - Q How are the Hawaiian volcanoes different from most other volcanoes?

400 - A Hawaiian volcanoes form because of a hot spot and Hawaii is far AWAY from any plate boundaries! Most volcanoes are at or near plate boundaries (unlike Hawaii).

500 - Q What are some signs that a volcano is getting ready to erupt and it’s time for you to evacuate the area!

500 - A Earthquakes, swelling ground, gas release, an increase in temperature of soil and rock, small eruptions, warmer temperatures and increased acidity in lakes, ground water, and pond water.

100 - Q Describe at least three pieces of evidence that supports the existence of Pangaea and Plate Tectonics?

100 - A Matching fossils found in faraway places, rocks and ancient mountain ranges fit together, geomagnetism of the ocean floor, continents fit together like pieces of a puzzle, satellites track movements of continents today!

200 - Q A wave or a set of waves caused by an earthquake, volcano, or landslides is called this.

200 - A A tsunami!

300 - Q What are convection currents?

300 - A Convection currents are motion in the mantle caused by differences in temperature and density! Warmer areas are less dense and rise, whereas colder areas are denser and sink.

400 - Q How does heat and density change inside the earth as you go deeper into the earth?

400 - A Great pressure, and the presence of radioactive elements, causes the interior of the earth to be extremely hot! The deeper you go, the denser and hotter it becomes.

500 - Q Why haven’t all of the mountains of the world been eroded down to plains? (There has been enough time to wear down every mountain on the earth several times over.)

500 - A Heat in the core causes convection currents that keep the plates moving. As the plates move, some plates collide and when two continental plates collide, or a continental and an oceanic plate collide, it causes mountain-building!