The vertebrate story…

Agnatha Extinct: * *Mostly small fish 2cm (some up to 2m) * *4 openings on dorsal surface of head *

Agnatha Extant: ______ and ________ * *Hagfish are … *Most Lamprey are… ds_trawl/images/HagfishLR.jpg

Gnathostomes 3 groups appeared in the Paleozoic: 1) ___________ (ex. Arthrodires) had large boney plates and paired fins /Zimg/dicksonosteus.jpg

Gnathostomes 3 groups appeared in the Paleozoic: 2) __________________ (cartilagenous fishes) *Includes … * s/sharks04_r2_c2.jpg /fish/large/ratfish.jpg

Gnathostomes 3 groups appeared in the Paleozoic: 3) ___________________ (spiny and bony fishes) * ______________s are (spiny fishes) are extinct *Had skeleton of bone and cartilage *Had … es/R-acanthodians.gif

Osteichthyans Shared ancestors with tetrapods * Paired fins… either ray finned (_____________) or fleshy finned (___________)

Actinopterygii Basal groups include … %20&%20Sturgeon%202.jpg

Actinopterygii Advanced groups include … 0Alligator%20Gar% JPG

__________________ * 2 major clades: _________, extinct except “coelocanths” ___________ (and dipnoi) “lungfish” 5/1116/34-14-Coelocanth.jpg gfish.jpg

______________ *Paraphyletic group… omitting amniote descendants *Extinct groups include Labrynthodonts (Ichthyostega) *Extant group (Lissamphibia) includes: ______ (caecilians) _________ (salamanders) __________ (frogs) r.jpg s_theme/frogs_K/frog_species/barred/images/barred_leaf_frog _jpg.jpg tanus-PC1b.jpg

Amniotes Group includes Reptiles and Synapsids __________ (paraphyletic) _________ (testudinea) “turtles” __________ “tuatara” __________ “lizards, snakes etc.” ____________ “crocodiles” etc. ____________ “birds”

Synapsids Amniotes with …

Mammalia _______________ (echidnas and platypus) _______________ (many forms, ex. kangaroos)

Mammalia ________________ (shrews, moles etc.)

Mammalia ______________ (sloths, anteaters and armadillos) _______________ (single species… aardvark)

Mammalia _____________ (single genus… Manis “pangolins”)

Mammalia _______________ (bats)

Mammalia _____________ (lemurs, monkeys, apes etc.

Mammalia ______________ (pikas, hares and rabbits)

Mammalia _________________ (largest mammalian order… rats etc.)

Mammalia _______________ (diverse group)

Mammalia _________________ (carnivores of the sea… seals etc.)

Mammalia _______________ (odd-toed ungulates… horses, tapirs, rhinos)

Mammalia ________________ (even-toed ungulates… sheep, deer, giraffes etc.)

Mammalia _______________ (similar to rodents and ungulates ex. rock hyrax)

Mammalia _______________ (elephants etc.)

Mammalia _______________ (manatees etc.)

Mammalia ____________ (whales and company)