New England and the Middle Colonies 1601–1700

Puritan Origins: The English Reformation Henry VIII uses the Reformation for political (and personal) means. England breaks with the Catholic Church English (Anglican) church keeps most practices of Catholicism Others (Puritans) wanted a full reforming of the church. Wanted to eliminate rituals and focus on the individual Persecution of Puritans in England

Puritans and the Settlement of New England The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony - want to build a orderly Puritan version of England - First Holland (to much vice) then onto America Plymouth Video

English Migration,

The Founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritans obtain a Royal charter for most of Northeast of America - special provision: gov’t could be located in the colony instead of England John Winthrop elected Governor and settled in Boston - “City Upon a Hill” sermon given Native Americans- initially few around because of epidemics; relations will break down

The Early Years of Massachusetts Bay Colony Disease spread quickly and killed many. Starvation also an issue Settlers kept arriving; especially when Church of England cracks down on Puritan ministers in England Immigrants came from all parts of society and unlike Chesapeake many women/children

The Evolution of New England Society

Church, Covenant, and Conformity Puritans influenced by John Calvin - strict discipline in behavior, & predestination All town residents must attend church services Everyone kept an eye on everyone else; trying to prove saintliness Sabbath day taken seriously- fines issued for flute playing or visiting neighbors Banned practices: Christmas, Easter, cards, dice, any games of chance, music, dance

Government by Puritans for Puritanism Transformed the joint stock company into a colonial gov’t Freemen had voting rights on some issues & gov’t position - Freemen= male church members - “Contrary minded” men forced out

Splintering of Puritanism How long did you think it would last? Different visions of Godliness; every town/church had different rules Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson vs. John Winthrop- Covenant of Grace vs. Covenant of Works More divisions of churches

Quakers and Salem Witch Trials Quakers (society of friends) arrive in New England. Different beliefs. - God speaks directly to everyone; do not need preachers or Bibles - Refuse to conform to laws and government, Sabbath - As you can imagine there is conflict between the Quakers and Puritans. - Salem Witch Trials- 100 accused of witchcraft, 19 executed

The Founding of the Middle Colonies- last 1/3 of 1600s From New Netherland to New York - Dutch West India Company purchases Manhattan for goods worth 12 beaver pelts from local Natives. - New Amsterdam - Low population (although highly diverse) and low profits - Monarchy restored in England. Duke of York is given New Netherland as a land grant; sent warships and kicked out the Dutch - Early Governors struggle with controlling the colony because of its’ diversity

Colonies in Eastern North America 1650

New Netherlan d & New Sweden

New Jersey and Pennsylvania Duke of York subdivides his land grant Quarrels between officials. William Penn (Quaker and prominent individual from a military/political family) –Jersey stays a propriety colony (focused on trade) –Penn given a land grant for a Quaker colony (Pennsylvania); given to rid England of Quakers

Middle Colonies, 1685

Relations with Native Americans and King Philip’s War Massachusetts settlers massacre Pequot’s s warfare erupts in both New England In New England - Steady encroachment on Native land - Wampanoags struck back; Chief is Metacomet/King Philip (settlers name for him) - Counterattacks and thousands are killed. - Colonists gain upper hand and defeated the Wampanoags with a scorched-earth policy. (see map on the next page) Aftermath: Hatred of Natives, large war debt, devastated frontier

King Philip’s War, 1675 – 1676)

Spread of Settlement: British Colonies, 1650 – 1700