 World War I ◦ Fought in Europe Why did it start? Assassination if Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Hungary

◦ How did US get into it?  Germany torpedoed a ship called the Lusitania that travelled between U.S. and Britain  1,200 passengers died ( 130 Americans)

 Effects of the war ◦ Technological / industrial advancements to help war effort ◦ These are used in the national economy

 What effect will the telephone, car, & phonograph have on music?

 More people can listen to music  More people can call a friend about what they heard  They can travel farther to hear the music Effect on Music

 Phonographs replaced sheet music as the main way of promoting songs/artists  By mid 1910’s – ◦ Records replace sheet music as main way of releasing songs

 With phonographs replacing sheet music, what do you think happens to the music industry?

 New markets/companies begin to take over  Song pluggers begin to fade away  Replaced by recording musicians

 Instead of a piano – now you need a phonograph  You don’t need to be able to READ music to ENJOY music  Is this a good thing or a bad thing?

 At the beginning of the century – record companies would wait to see if a song would sell in sheet music form before recording it  1904: 1 of every 22 houses had a phonograph  1909: 26 million discs/cylinders were produced

 Reports of 100 million discs/cylinders manufactured that year  Record companies began to record BEFORE publishing the sheet music version

 Phonograph discs outsell sheet music  The biggest impact (besides the phonograph) on music is invented….

Recording session before microphones.

Recording session after microphones.

 But there was a competitor to the record industry….

 Used during WWI for military communication  Opened up to general public after war was over  1920: 1st public radio stations opened ◦ Pittsburgh, Detroit, Newark NJ

 564 licensed radio stations by 1922  Naming System Introduced ◦ W – east of Miss. River ◦ K – west of Miss. River

 Radio waves can only be transmitted based on the strength of the signal  Limits your audience

 Until the introduction of network radio  Connecting multiple radio stations through the use of electrical / telephone lines

 Why did the record industry see the radio stations as a competitor?

 Do you think the broadcast vs recorded debate is still an issue today?  What about… ◦ AM/FM vs Satellite ◦ Streaming Music

 Does this change the discussion?  Radios are cheaper to purchase than a phonograph player!

 Radio receiver is cheaper to purchase than a phonograph player

 Sheet Music…  Records…  Radio…  One thing is missing, right?

 First movies were silent: no way to attach audio to video  “Cut” scenes were added into the film to move the plot forward  A piano player was employed by the movie house that would play music (sometimes improvised) to go along with the movie

 1903: The Great Train Robbery  1927: The Jazz Singer  1928: Steamboat Willie

 Produced by Edison  Directed by Edwin Porter  The original print of this movie is lost.  Along the way… ◦ Someone tried to add color in ◦ People have added music

 The first “talkie”  Movie projectionist was given a set of records that had cues marked on them  The job of the projectionist was to sync up the music and the movie  Made Al Jolson a star

 Some guy named Walt thought it would be a neat idea to show cartoons instead of real people….  v=BBgghnQF6E4 v=BBgghnQF6E4