Technology and Communication Alys Maynord and Ann-Houston Campbell

Industrialism

Industrial Revolution Eighteenth Century. Opened up trade and made it much easier and faster. Half a century altered both life styles and attitudes. Alsace-Lorraine – industrialization was concentrated before 1850

Technology

Interchangeable parts – if a part breaks it can be replaced Mid 18 th century – power loom Joseph Marie Jacquard Produced different patterns of cloth

Technology German industries grew on Ruhr and Saxony French manufactures could create small amounts of high quality luxury items By 1847 a telegraph equipment company was established With production of steel, first skyscraper With skyscrapers, needs for elevators

Technology 1866 linotype machine – More illustrations in newspapers/magazines – Artist could create drawings, etchings and make multiple copies The light bulb

Types of Citizens Proletariat – Industrial workers Capitalists- Wealth in money, not land. Income comes from capital. White collar- Employment that does not involve physical labor

Communication

The Telegraph Allowed stories around the world to be reported much faster Used cheap paper from wood pulp Later produced by the Siemens family Telegraph Construction Company (1847) – Siemens brothers News could travel faster

The Morse Code Telegrams were sent using Morse code. This required skilled operators who could translate Morse code / /

The Telephone Invented in 1879 Invented by Alexander Graham Bell Some world leaders refused to talk on the telephone In 1912 there were five telephones in the United States, three in Scandinavia, and two in Germany. Théâtrophone

Science

Sociology Created in the 19 th century The “science of society” It claimed that the society of humans could be studied and understood like any other part of the natural world. Auguste Comete Émile Durkheim – empiricism Friedrich Tönnies and Georg Simmel Max Weber

Émile Durkheim Auguste Comete

Biology Charles Darwin Evolution – theory that diverse animal and plant species developed over time through a combination of genetic mutation and environmental influence Darwin believed in natural selection, the theory that better-adapted species survive (and reproduce) while others are eliminated. Gregor Mendel Darwin’s theories had a HUGE impact on the scientific community. Social Darwinists – Eugenics

Max Weber Émile Durkheim Auguste Comete Gregor Mednel Charles Darwin

Biology Anthropology – Olga Semyonova Tian-Shanskaia

Chemistry Dmitri Mendeleev – Rearranged the Periodic Table of Elements

Max Weber Émile Durkheim Auguste Comete Gregor Mednel Charles Darwin Dimitri Mendeleev

Physics Newtonian Physics James Clerk Maxwell Wilhelm Röntgen Albert Einstein – Special theory of relativity Max Planck

James Clerk Maxwell Max Planck Albert Einstein Wilholm Röntgen