Lectures in Monteponi 21 – 27 September 2008 Paul Menzel Paolo Antonelli UW/CIMSS Jochem Kerkmann Hans Peter Roesli EUMETSAT Alberto Marini University of Cagliari Fabio Rana University of Bari

Schools on remote sensing have been held in Bologna, Italy (Sep 01), Rome, Italy (Jun 02), Maratea, Italy (May 03), Bertinoro, Italy (Jul 04), Cape Town, South Africa (Apr 06), Krakow, Poland (May 06), Ostuni, Italy (Jun 06) Benevento, Italy (Jun07)

MODIS

SEVIRI

AIRS 20-July-2002 Ascending LW_Window

IASI

AMSU

HYperspectral viewer for Development of Research Applications - HYDRA MSG, GOES MODIS, AIRS, IASI, AMSU, CALIPSO Developed at CIMSS by Tom Rink Tom Whittaker Kevin Baggett With guidance from Paolo Antonelli Liam Gumley Paul Menzel Allen Huang Freely available software For researchers and educators Computer platform independent Extendable to more sensors and applications Based in VisAD (Visualization for Algorithm Development) Uses Jython (Java implementation of Python) runs on most machines 512MB main memory & 32MB graphics card suggested on-going development effort Rink et al, BAMS 2007

Applications with Meteorological Satellites ftp://ftp.ssec.wisc.edu/pub/menzel/ CHAPTER 2 - NATURE OF RADIATION 2.1 Remote Sensing of Radiation Basic Units Definitions of Radiation Related Derivations2-5 CHAPTER 3 - ABSORPTION, EMISSION, REFLECTION, AND SCATTERING 3.1Absorption and Emission Conservation of Energy Planetary Albedo Selective Absorption and Emission Summary of Interactions between Radiation and Matter Beer's Law and Schwarzchild's Equation Atmospheric Scattering The Solar Spectrum Composition of the Earth's Atmosphere Atmospheric Absorption and Emission of Solar Radiation Atmospheric Absorption and Emission of Thermal Radiation Atmospheric Absorption Bands in the IR Spectrum Atmospheric Absorption Bands in the Microwave Spectrum Remote Sensing Regions3-14 CHAPTER 5 - THE RADIATIVE TRANSFER EQUATION (RTE) 5.1 Derivation of RTE Microwave Form of RTE5-28 CHAPTER 12 - RADIOMETER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 12.3Design Considerations12-1

Using wavelengths c 2 / λ T Planck’s Law B( λ,T) = c 1 / λ 5 / [e -1] (mW/m 2 /ster/cm) where λ = wavelengths in cm T = temperature of emitting surface (deg K) c 1 = x 10-5 (mW/m 2 /ster/cm -4 ) c 2 = (cm deg K) Wien's Law dB( λ max,T) / d λ = 0 where λ (max) =.2897/T indicates peak of Planck function curve shifts to shorter wavelengths (greater wavenumbers) with temperature increase. Note B( λ max,T) ~ T 5.  Stefan-Boltzmann Law E =   B( λ,T) d λ =  T 4, where  = 5.67 x 10-8 W/m2/deg4. o states that irradiance of a black body (area under Planck curve) is proportional to T 4. Brightness Temperature c 1 T = c 2 / [ λ ln( _____ + 1)] is determined by inverting Planck function λ 5 B λ

In standard notation, I =  sfc B (T(p s ))  (p s ) +   (  p) B (T(p))  (p) p The emissivity of an infinitesimal layer of the atmosphere at pressure p is equal to the absorptance (one minus the transmittance of the layer). Consequently,  (  p)  (p) = [1 -  (  p)]  (p) Since transmittance is an exponential function of depth of absorbing constituent, p+  p p  (  p)  (p) = exp [ -  k q g -1 dp] * exp [ -  k q g -1 dp] =  (p +  p) p o Therefore  (  p)  (p) =  (p) -  (p +  p) = -  (p). So we can write I =  sfc B (T(p s ))  (p s ) -  B (T(p))  (p). p which when written in integral form reads p s I =  sfc B (T(p s ))  (p s ) -  B (T(p)) [ d  (p) / dp ] dp. o

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