The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Aim: To understand the role played by the skeletal and muscular systems in our bodies. You will learn The functions of the skeleton. Three types of joint. How joints allow movement. The structure of a moveable joint. The role of muscles in movement. An example of antagonistic muscles and how they work. For video on muscle and bone

Skeletal System 206 Total Bones

Skull Mandible Breast bone Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Collar bone Shoulder blade Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Skeleton – main bones

Functions of the Skeleton The skeleton has three functions: Support:it gives the body shape otherwise we would collapse Movement: Along with our muscles the skeleton allows us to move. Protection : Many bones protect soft parts ot the body for example The skull protects the brian The backbone protects the spinal cord

Bone Long Bone Short Bone Flat Bone Head – Body - Head As wide as they are long Provides Protection Bone is living tissue that can grow and repair itself made of Bone cells A blood supply Nerves Calcium – which makes bone hard and strong.

A joint is where two bones meet. The function of a joint is allow movement.

Types Of Joints Pivot Hinge Ball & Socket Fused Top of the neck Shoulder/Hip Elbow/Knee skull

Skeletal System Information Appendicular System 126 bones Axial System 80 bones

Connective Tissues Cartilage – Allows joints to move easily, cushions bones, and supports soft tissue Ligament – Ligaments connect bone to bone Tendon – Tendons join muscle to muscle or muscle to bone

Antagonistic Muscles Muscles only contract (get shorter) the cannot get longer. Pairs of muscles which work opposite to each other are called antagonistic pairs of muscles.

Conditions of the Skeletal System Osteoporosis Bones become fragile and more likely to break Osteoarthritis Joint disorder where the cartilage is wearing away