Skeletal System Chapter 7

Adult Skeleton (review) How many bones? What of the 2 main divisions? What are the 4 main shapes? What are the 2 shapes not included in the first answer? Bone box: study tool Bone box

Skeletal System Axial – Skull Cranium Facial bones – Thoracic cage Sternum Ribs – Vertebral column Appendicular – Upper limbs – Lower limbs – Pectoral girdle – Pelvic girdle

Paranasal Sinuses

Vertebral Column Cervical (7) – Atlas (yes) and axis (no) Thoracic (12) – Same as number of ribs Lumbar (5) Sacrum (5 fused) Coccyx (4 fused)

Vertebrae Classification Cervical (C1-C7) Thoracic (T1-T12) Lumbar (L1-L5) Body small, oval medium, heart-shaped large, kidney-shaped Spinous process short, projects posteriorly, bifurcated long, projects inferiorly short, projects posteriorly Vertebral Foramen large, triangularmedium, circularsmall, triangular Transverse process contain foraminafacets for ribsthin and tapered

Thoracic Cage and Hyoid Sternum – Manubrium – Body – Xiphoid process Ribs – True (7) – False (5/3) – Floating (2) Hyoid*

Pelvic Differences FemaleMale Bone Thickness Lighter, thinner, and smoother Heavier, thicker, and more markings Acetabula Smaller, farther apartLarger, closer Pubic Arch Rounded, >100˚Narrower, <90˚ Sacrum Shorter, widerLonger, narrower Ishcial Spine Further apartCloser together Coccyx StraighterCurves ventrally Pelvic Inlet Wider, oval Narrower, heart shaped

Bones of the Hand Carpals (8) – Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle – scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate Metacarpals (5) Phalanges (14) – Pollex – Proximal, middle, distal Left hand; Anterior view

Tarsals (7) – Tiger cubs need milc – Talus, calcaneus, navicular, medial, intermediate, lateral cuneforms, cuboid Metatarsals (5) Phalanges (14) – Hallux – Proximal, middle, distal Right foot; Superior view Bones of the Foot

A human fetus has 275 bones Single bones in adult have not ossified and fused yet Fontanels Pelvic girdle Fetal Skeleton

Need to Know for Lecture Names of bones (same as for lab) Location/articulation of bones Differences between vertebrae Differences between male and female pelvis Number of bones (where appropriate)