The Skeletal System Chapter 5 – Anatomy/Physiology NHS Dr. Smith

Skeletal System

Division of Skeleton Axial skeleton – skull, spine, chest (80 bones) Appendicular skeleton - upper and lower extremities (126 bones)

SKULL 8 cranium bones, 14 face bones, 6 ear bones Sutures –immovable joints Fontanels – “soft spots” Sinuses – spaces/cavities inside skull – Paranasal – NOSE

Spine Vertebrete- irregular shaped spine bonds Cervical 7, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5, Sacrum-Coccyx 2

Thorax/Chest Sternum – breastbone 12 pairs of ribs – attach to vertebra – 14 true ribs - upper seven pairs attached by costal cartilage – 10 False ribs - lowest 2 pairs not attached to sternum “floating”; next three pair are attached to 7th rib

Upper extremities Scapula – shoulder blade Clavicle – collar bone Sternoclavicle joint – clavicle/sternum Humerous – upper long bone in arm Radius/Ulna – forearm bones 8 Carpals – wrist bones 5 metacarpals – palm bones 28 phalanges – finger bones

Hip and Pelvis Large coxal bone illium, ischium, and pubis grow together in an adult

Lower Extremities Femur – long bone – upper leg Patella – knee cap Tibia/fibula – lower leg bones 8 Tarsals – ankle bones 5 metatarsals – sole bones 28 phalanges – finger bones

Foot Arches Medial Longitudinal Arch - Inside of foot Lateral Longitudinal Arch - Outside of foot Transverse (metatarsal) arch - extends on the ball of the foot

Man/Woman Differences Male skeleton's larger Female’s pelvis supports childbirth - male’s pelvis is more narrow - female's pelvis angle is greater

Joints - ARTICULATIONS Synarthrotic joint - no movement Anphiarthrotic joint - slight movement Diarthrotic - free movement

Diathrotic Joint Allow for free movement All have a joint capsule, cavity, and a layer of articulating cartilage over the ends of the two joining bones ( synovial membrane in joint capsule Ligaments - fibrous connective tissue - hold joint together

LAB #1 - Skeletal Lab Materials - microscope, bone slides Procedure: Observe draw and label slides #1-4 in lab-book. BE SURE TO LABEL. Answer results questions in full ENGLISH sentences Results: SEE RESULTS HANDOUT

GROUND BONE

Developing Cartilage Bone

Developing Membrane Bone

Tendon-Bone Junction