Ch.1 - The Study of Life Chapter 1 A View of Life

Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science Science is… explanations of the natural world obtained through…………………………………….. experimentation and observation It is objective Provable, Factual, Unbiased, The same from multiple sources It is not subjective Belief, Opinion, Judgment, Different from source to source “I am 6’1” tall” “I am tall”

Ask a Question Form a hypothesis Collect the Data Analyze the data Report Conclusions Scientific Method – based on inductive reasoning Drawing general conclusions based on specific observable patterns - The dogs I have seen have fur -I have never seen a lizard with fur Therefore Dogs are not lizards Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science

Scientific Method – based on inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Applying general theories to specific examples All living things are composed of cells Therefore Whatever this sample came from must be a living thing Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science

Scientific Method – based on inductive reasoning The sum of the angles of a triangle = 180 o Therefore If the sum of two of the angles of a given triangle = 130 o then the 3 rd must be 50 o I can move on my own and my cat can move on his own. My cat and I are both alive Therefore All living things have the ability to move on their own. Inductive Deductive arguments are either right or wrong arguments are either strong or weak Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science

Scientific Method Collect the data A controlled experiment contains two groups Control Group Experimental Group -Not tested -Used as a comparison -Tested -Contains the… Dependent Variable What is measured Independent Variable What is changed & Every good experiment has 1 independent variable Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science

Scientific Method Collect the data Dependent Variable Independent Variable Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science

Metric measurement oCgmm2m3loCgmm2m3l temperature mass length area volume (solid) volume (liquid) o C = (5/9)*( o F -32) 1 kg = 2.2 lbs 1in = 2.54cm & 1mi = 1.6 km 1 cm 3 = 1 ml 1 l = 1.06 quarts Kilo- Hecta- Deca- BASE Deci- Centi- Milli- Micro (µ) – one millionth - x x10 3 x10 2 x10 x10 -1 x10 -2 x10 -3 Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science

Metric measurement Kilo- Hecta- Deca- BASE Deci- Centi- Milli- Micro (µ) – one millionth - x x10 3 x10 2 x10 x10 -1 x10 -2 x mL or.1L 2.10 km or 6 mi 3.6.2x10 -5 kg or 1.8x10 3 g O C or 55 O F 5. 8 lbs or or 1000 g 6. (in area) 5 cm x 12 cm square Or.1m x.04 m square.1L = 100ml 6mi = 9.6km.062g 1800g 55 O F = 12.7 O C 8lbs = 3.6kg = 3600g 60cm 2 40cm 2 Which is Greater? Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science

Because the scientific process is based upon inductive reasoning, studies must be repeated many times in order to accept or reject hypotheses. Scientific Theories A scientific theory summarizes a hypothesis (or group of hypotheses) that have been supported with repeated testing. They explain natural phenomena Scientific Method Analyze the data Scientific Law Describes (does not explain) natural phenomena Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.4 – The Process of Science

The Characteristics of Life Made of one or more cells Displays Organization Grows and Develops Reproduces Responds to Stimuli Requires Energy Maintains Homeostasis Adaptations Evolve Over Time Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life

The Characteristics of Life Made of one or more cells Displays Organization Grows and Develops Reproduces Responds to Stimuli Requires Energy Maintains Homeostasis Adaptations Evolve Over Time Made of one or more cells Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life

Made of one or more cells The Cell Theory (Proposed in 1863 by Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden) 1. All known living things are composed of cells 2. The cell is the structural and functional unit of all living things 3. All cells come from preexisting cells The Characteristics of Life Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life

Levels of Organization The Characteristics of Life Displays Organization Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Multicellular Organisms Carbon Amino Acids Neuron Gray matter Brain Nervous System You Macromolecules Protein Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life

The Characteristics of Life Grows and Develops 1 day 3 days 7 days 12 days 20 days Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life

The Characteristics of Life Reproduces Reproduction is not essential to the individual but is critical for the species Asexual Reproduction “Cloning” Two identical organisms are created from one. Sexual Reproduction One unique organism is created from two. Ensures genetic diversity. Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life

The Characteristics of Life Responds to Stimuli Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life

The Characteristics of Life Maintains Homeostasis Regulation of an organisms internal conditions Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life

The Characteristics of Life Adaptations Evolve Over Time Alive or Not?? (See Handout) Ch.1 – A View of Life 1.1 – How to Define Life