North Carolina Transformation of a Colony Political influences Economic influences Religion – Belief influences Social Influences Intellectual influences Area – geographic influences

Political Influences Carolina Charter of 1663: King Charles II issues to 8 Lord Proprietors Restoration: Charles restores monarchy in England but needs $ and political support to expand in America Gave proprietors authority in colony to: Hire governor, collect taxes Allowed some religious diversity Free landowning males granted rights as English citizens Carolina Government: Governor, Council, and Assembly Governor answers to proprietors Council answers to proprietors Assembly voted on and decides on how to use colony’s $ Prerogative Party: colonists supported proprietors & king Popular Party: colonists who settled before proprietors

Economic Influences Land: Virginia becoming more populated and less available land French Huguenots Great Wagon Road: Quakers out of PA establish Salem Lumber: abundance of southern yellow pine great for making masts Tar & Pitch (Naval Stores): products important to the shipping industry used in shipbuilding and maintenance Later tobacco – cash crops – contribute to growth of plantations

Religious Influences Proprietors do NOT establish official churches in colony Let colonists worship freely resulting in many non-Anglicans to settle Quakers, Moravians Vestry Act: Anglicans pass law to weaken growing Quaker political power Does not last but other laws passed to support Anglicans and limit Quakers Religious based laws biased toward Anglicans increases tension in colony Proprietors worry about controlling colony so divided North and South Carolina created

Social Influences - linked to economic influences (creation of class differences similar to those in England) Landed Gentry (Upper Class): small wealthy class included planters, public officials, and professionals ie. Lawyers and Clergy Artisans and Small Farmers Yeoman: small farmers raised crops just for family Artisans: skilled craftspeople Indentured servants Slaves Families played significant role because farms and houses typically far apart

Area – Geographic Influences Coastal Region: great soil along with long growing season and access to ocean influenced development of plantations in this region Piedmont and Mountain regions – land more rugged, less water routes, life tougher, builds sense of independence Yeoman farmers Great Wagon Road: actual road created by constant travel of immigrants from Philadelphia, PA, between coast and Appalachian Mts., thru NC to Georgia Represents divide in NC between upper and lower classes (West vs. East)

West vs. East (Political Influences part 2) William Tryon governor of NC starts building grand residence in New Bern to become the capitol building and be governor’s home New Bern in East More eastern representatives than western, 67 to 15 (81 total) Poll Tax started to pay for residence and all taxed the same The Regulators: group opposing colonial government formed to combat abuse of power Battle of Alamance: Colonial Militia vs. Regulators Ends Regulator movement

Tuscarora War The Carolina Colony’s growth starts taking up Native American’s lands Tuscarora try going to PA but Quakers refuse them land Back in Carolina Tuscarora prepare for war after killing John Lawson John Lawson was one of first settlers of the Albemarle region of Carolinas Carolina colonial government recruit assistance of Yamassee & Catawba Tribes to help defeat Tuscarora These tribes become angry with colonists and launch their own attack Result – tribes defeated, clearing land for settlement & reduce fear of Indian attacks