Sports Injury Assessment

Injury Evaluation Process Symptom: Athletes perception of his or her injury. Sign: Objective, measurable physical finding regarding the individuals condition. HOPS- History Observation Palpation Special tests SOAP- Subjective Objective Assessment Plan.

HOPS- History History: Attitude, mental condition, and perceived physical state. Stated by the athlete. Primary Complaint Mechanism of Injury Characteristics of the Symptoms Limitations Past History

HOPS- Observation and Inspection Observation: Measurable objective signs. Appearance Symmetry General Motor Function Posture and Gait Deformity, swelling, discoloration, scars, and general skin condition

HOPS- Palpation Rule out FX (fracture) Skin temperature Swelling Point tenderness Crepitus Deformity Muscle spasm

HOPS- Palpation Cutaneous Sensation (nail bed refill) Pulse

HOPS- Special Tests Functional Tests Stress Tests Active Range of Motion (AROM) Passive Range of Motion (PROM) Resisted Manual Muscle Testing (RROM) Stress Tests Ligamentous Instability Tests Special Tests

HOPS- Special Tests Neurologic Tests Sport-Specific Functional Testing Dermatomes Myotomes Reflexes Peripheral Nerve Testing Sport-Specific Functional Testing Proprioception and Motor Coordination

HOPS- Special Tests Sport-Specific Skill Performance Throw the football, baseball, softball, javelin... Kick the soccer ball, football, opponent… Macarena, Cabbage Patch, Mash Potato

SOAP- Subjective History: Attitude, mental condition, and perceived physical state. Stated by the athlete. Primary Complaint Mechanism of Injury Characteristics of the Symptoms Limitations Past History

SOAP- Objective: Observation: Measurable objective signs. Appearance Symmetry General Motor Function Posture and Gait Deformity, swelling, discoloration, scars, and general skin condition

SOAP- Objective Rule out FX (fracture) Cutaneous Sens. Skin temperature Pulse Swelling Point tenderness Crepitus Deformity Muscle spasm

SOAP- Objective Functional Tests Stress Tests Active Range of Motion (AROM) Passive Range of Motion (PROM) Resisted Manual Muscle Testing (RROM) Stress Tests Ligamentous Instability Tests Special Tests

SOAP- Objective Neurologic Tests Sport-Specific Functional Testing Dermatomes Myotomes Reflexes Peripheral Nerve Testing Sport-Specific Functional Testing Proprioception and Motor Coordination

SOAP- Objective Sport-Specific Skill Performance Throw the football, baseball, softball, javelin... Kick the soccer ball, football, opponent… Macarena, Cabbage Patch, Mash Potato

SOAP- Assessment Analyze and assess the individual’s status and prognosis Suspected injury Site Damaged Structures Involved Severity of Injury Progress Notes

SOAP- Plan Immediate treatment given Frequency and duration of treatments and modalities and evaluation On-going patient education Criteria for discharge/return to play

On The Field Assessment History: Location of Pain Presence of abnormal neurological signs Mechanism of Injury Associated sounds (snap, crack, pop)

On The Field Assessment cont. Observation: Check the surrounding area Body positioning Movement of the athlete Level of responsiveness Primary survey Inspection for head or neck trauma Inspection of the injured body part

On The Field Assessment cont. Palpation Joints Bones Soft tissue Skin temperature

On The Field Assessment cont. Functional Testing Active Range of Motion (AROM) Passive Range of Motion (PROM) Resistive Range of Motion (RROM) Weight Bearing

On The Field Assessment cont. Stress Testing Ligamentous stability Neurological Testing Cutaneous Motor

On The Field Assessment cont. Vital Signs Pulse Respiratory Rate Blood Pressure Temperature Skin Color Pupils Disposition

On The Field Assessment cont. Moving the Athlete Ambulatory Assist Manual Conveyance Spine Board Pool Extraction

Physician Ordered Tests Blood Test Radiographs Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Radionuclide Scintigraph (Bone Scan) Ultrasonic Imaging Electromyography