One-Way Energy Flow: All energy on earth comes from the _______ (as high quality energy) * Moves through organisms by ______________________ * Becomes low quality energy and radiates as heat * Returns into space as ____________ Cycling of Matter: all matter moves via cyclic patterns; all matter on earth is essentially trapped here. sun feeding interactions heat

How do plants capture energy?

Producers use ____________ from their environment to convert simple chemical substances (like_________)into complex organic substances (like _______________). energy (in the form of sunlight) CO2 glucose

_________________are the heterotrophs “other feeders” of an ecosystem. They must eat other organisms to get their energy. Consumers

Heterotrophs Herbivores are the plant eaters. Ex. cows, horses, deer.

Heterotrophs Carnivores are the animal eaters. Ex: felines (cats), snakes, hawks, sharks.

Heterotrophs Omnivores eat both plant and animal matter. Ex. Humans, bears, foxes.

Heterotrophs Detritivores eat dead matter (detritus). Ex. worms, snails, crabs.

Heterotrophs Decomposers break down dead organic matter. Ex: Bacteria and fungi. Shelf fungi

Energy Flow Energy always flows in one direction. It flows as follows: producer herbivore carnivore decomposer/detrivo re.

Food chains

Food Web

Ecological Pyramids  Pyramid of energy flow  Pyramid of biomass  Pyramid of numbers

Biomass Pyramid 500 kg of biomass 15 kg of biomass ( chipmunks) 3 kg of biomass 1 kg of biomass Area = ½ acre

Pyramid of Numbers