Abolitionist  A person who strongly favors during away with slavery Adams, Samuel  Started an organization called the Sons of Liberty Amendment  An addition to a formal document such as the Constitution Anthony, Susan B.  Organized the country’s first women’s temperance association

Boston Massacre  March 5, 1770, angry towns people moved through the streets of Boston. That angered the British soldiers and they fired and killed 5 colonist. Blockade  Cut off area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies or people from coming in or going out; to close off cities ports Bessemer Process  Used blasts of cold air to burn off impurities from heated iron Bill of Rights, English  Provided an important model for the American Bill of Rights

Canal  An artificial waterway Cash Crop  Farm crop raised to be sold for money Census  Official count of a population Cotton Gin  A machine that removed seeds from cotton fiber

Drought  Long period of time with little rainfall Daughter of Liberty  Urged Americans to wear there own goods Declaration of Independence  A document Thomas Jefferson wrote to declare there independence from Great Britain Dix, Dorthea  Educated the public about poor conditions of the mentally ill and the prisoners

Electoral College  A special group of voters selected by their states voters to vote for the president and vice president Enlightenment  Movement during the 1700’s that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society Emancipate  To free from slavery Executive Branch  The branch of government, headed by the president, that carries out the nation’s law and policies

Fort Sumter  First battle of the civil War Franklin, Benjamin  an inventor and author, helped write the Declaration of Independence French and Indian War  War in America in which French and its Indian allies opposed England ( ) French Revolution  In 1789, overthrew the monarchy of the Bourbons and the Napoleons overthrow of the Directory and seized the power in 1799

Guerrilla Warfare  A hit and run technique used in fighting a war Gold Rush  A large scale and hasty movement of people to a region where gold has been discovered, in California in 1849 Guerrilla Tactics  Referring to surprise attacks of raids rather than organized warfare Grant, Ulysses S.  18 th president of the United States : Union general in the Civil War

Human Rights  Fundamental rights that belong to an individual Hamilton, Alexander  The 1 st Secretary of the Treasury ( ) Henry, Patrick American patriot House of Burgesses  Assembly of representation colonial Virginia

Implied Powers  Powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution Interchangeably Parts  Uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical parts Industrial Revolution  The change from a agrarian society to one based on industry which began in Great Britain and spread to the United States around 1800 Internal Improvements  Federal projects such as canals and roads, to develop the nations transportation system

Jackson, Andrew  U.S. general; 7 th president of the United States ( ) Judicial Review  The right of the Supreme Court to determine if the law violates the Constitution Jay, John  1 st Chief Justice of the U.S.( ) Jefferson, Thomas  United States diplomat, architect, and author; 3 rd president of the United States

Knox, Henry  American Revolutionary general; 1 st U.S. Secretary of War ( ) Keelboat  Shallow freight boat, that has keel to permit sailing in the wind Kansas-Nebraska Act  An act of Congress in 1854 annulling the Missouri Compromise

Loyalist  American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence Legislative Branch  The branch of government that makes the nation’s laws Laissez-Faire  A policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nations economy Log Cabin Campaign  Name given to William Henry Harrison’s campaign for the presidency in 1840

Manifest Destiny  The in popular in the U.S. during the 1800’s that the country must expand its boundaries if the Pacific Mayflower Compact  A formal document, written in 1620, that provided law and order to the Plymouth colony Marshall, John  United States general; Secretary of State ( ) Minutemen  Companies of civilian soldiers that say they were ready to fight at a minutes notice

Neutral Rights  The right to sail the seas and not take sides n war Northwest Passage  Water route to Asia through North America sought by European explores National Debt  The amount of money a government owes to other government or its people Neutral  Taking no side in ac onflict

Oregon Trail  A route used during the U.S. westward migration ( ) Olive Branch Petition  Petition that assured the king of the colonists desire for peace Oklahoma Territory  The land that Congress set aside for Indians Ordinance  A law or regulation

Patriots  American colonist who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won Popular Sovereignty  Political theory that government is subject to the will of the people Propaganda  Idea or information designed and spread to influence opinion Paine, Thomas  Author of Common Sense

Quaker  Name for a member of the Religious Society of Friends Quebec, Battle of  A battle during the French and Indian war. The British won. Quadruple Alliance  Alliance that involved France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia; it asked for help in its fight against revolutionary forces in South America Quartering of Troops  The 3 rd amendment; as soldier can’t come and force you to let them stay at your house

Reconstruction  The reorganization and rebuilding of the former confederates states after the Civil War Rebel  Confederate soldier, so called because of opposition to the established government Reservation  An area of public lands set aside for Native Americans Raleigh, Sir Walter  English explorer and writer, a favorite of Elizabeth I

States Rights  rights and power independent of the federal government are reserved for the states by the Constitution Suffrage  The right to vote Slave Codes  The laws passed in the Southern States that controlled and restriction enslaved people Seneca Falls Convention  A women’s right convention held at Seneca Falls, NY, in1848, organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

Transcendentalist  Any of a group of New England writers who stressed the relationship between human beings and nature Temperance  The use of little or no alcoholic drinks Tidewater  A region of flat, low- lying plains along the sea- coast Tribute  Money paid for protection

Underground Railroad  A system that helped enslaved African Americans the followed a networks of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North Utopia  Community based on a vision of a perfect society sought by reformers Unalienable Rights  A right that cannot be surrendered Unconstitutional  The agreeing or consistent with the Constitution