JOURNAL #14 – WAVES AND TELESCOPES 1.How much of the electromagnetic spectrum can we see as visible light? 2.What was the name of the first artificial satellite? 3.What mission landed man on the moon?

Objective : Understanding the electromagnetic spectrum and visions of space through time. WAVES AND TELESCOPES

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Waves – how energy travels through space Mechanical Waves: cannot travel through empty space; sound wave Electromagnetic Waves: microwaves, radio, visible light

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES Electromagnetic Waves Travel at a speed of 300,000 km/s Length Decreases, Frequency Increases

TELESCOPES Refracting Telescope Light passes through a convex lens to form an image at a focal point

TELESCOPES Reflecting Telescope Light is reflected off of a concave mirror to form an image at a focal point

TELESCOPES Radio Telescope Radio waves strike a large, curved dish and are reflected to a receiver

TELESCOPES Observatory A large building that houses a telescope Domed roof that opens

TELESCOPES Hubble Space Telescope Reflecting telescope April 25 th, 1990 Unclear images due to incorrectly shaped mirror December 1993, astronauts replaced the mirror

TELESCOPES Purpose of Telescopes Produce better images because Earth’s atmosphere absorbs and distorts energy from space Should be above the atmosphere Galileo Galilei perfected the telescope in 1608

SATELLITES AND SPACE PROBES Satellite An object that revolves around another First artificial (man made) satellite: Sputnik 1 Launched by former USSR, 1957 Orbit Time: 3 months

SATELLITES AND SPACE PROBES Earth’s Natural Satellite The moon Orbit Time: 1 month

SATELLITES AND SPACE PROBES Space Probe Instrument that gathers information and sends it back to Earth Carry cameras, radio transmitters, receivers, weather instruments, earthquake detectors, etc.

SATELLITES AND SPACE PROBES Viking 1 (1975) Mapped Mars Lander searched for life Magellan (1990) Mapped Venus Probed atmosphere

SATELLITES AND SPACE PROBES Voyager 1 & 2 Passed outer planets Now resides in deep space Galileo Studied Jupiter Probed atmosphere

PEOPLE IN SPACE Yuri Gagarin USSR, 1961 First to orbit Earth; 108 minutes Project Mercury Goal: orbit piloted spacecraft around Earth successfully

PEOPLE IN SPACE Alan B. Shepard First US citizen in space 1961

PEOPLE IN SPACE John Glenn, Jr US, 1962 First US citizen to orbit Earth

PEOPLE IN SPACE Project Gemini Goal: two teams of astronauts to meet and connect their spacecraft's in space Essential for return trip to the moon July 20 th, 1969 Apollo 11 landed on the moon with Neil Armstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin, Michael Collins