Russian Academy of Sciences Special Astrophysical Observatory AL-WARDAT MASHHOOR AHMAD Interferometry and Spectrophotometry of Solar Type Binary Stars Dissertation to defend the scientific grade of candidate of physical-mathematical sciences Supervisor: Doctor of Science, Balega Yu. Yu. Nizhnij Arkhyz- 2003

Contents of the Presentation:  Motivation  Main Goals  Main Results  Main Items Proposed for Defense  Contents of the Dissertation  Presentations  Personal input of the author  List of Publications

Motivation ( Актуальность ) : qImportance of binary and multiple systems. qTheir effect on statistical dependences. qThe role of complex studies ! qBS and the estimation of fundamental parameters ! qThe role of SI. qWhat about Hipparcos?, CORAVEL? qThe combination of SI, Spectrophotometry and atmospheres modeling !? qMotivation of the Dissertation !?

Main Goals (Цель работы):  To develop a method of direct determination of the complete set of the fundamental parameters of the components of a binary system on the basis of the combination of speckle-interferometric and spectrophotometric observations with the radial velocities and parallaxes measurements.  To make a catalogue of spectral energy distributions of the main-sequence F,G and K speckle-interferometric binaries, to estimate their colors and to reinvestigate their entire spectral types.  To observe several chosen objects by means of speckle-interferometric techniques in order to reconstruct their visual orbits, measure their  m and obtain their absolute magnitudes.  To build individual spectral energy distributions for the components the selected systems by means of atmospheres modeling combination with their measured magnitude differences and known parallaxes. Hence, to determine their complete set of fundamental parameters: effective temperatures, luminosities, spectral types, masses, gravity accelerations and ages.  To investigate advantages and restrictions of the developed method in the revision of the existing statistical dependencies.

Main Items Proposed for Defense ( Основные положения, выносимые на защиту ): 1.The results of spectrophotometric study of 46 speckle interferometric binary systems, which include their entire spectral energy distributions in the range Ǻ, BVR Johnson-Cousins magnitudes, B-V color indices, and their entire spectral types. 2.The results of speckle interferometric measurements of 41 Dra, COU 1289, COU 1291, HD and HIP 689, which include measurements of their relative positions, determination of their orbital parameters, mass sums and magnitude differences. 3.Results of the combination of speckle interferometry and spectrophotometry with the atmospheres modeling to estimate the fundamental parameters of the components of 40 Dra, 41 Dra, COU 1289, COU 1291, HD and HIP 689. The parameters include their spectral types, luminosities, effective temperatures, radii, masses, gravity accelerations and ages.

Main Results Научная новизна

Speckle Interferometric Results

Relative visual orbits of the systems Hip 689 and 41Dra. BTA speckle measures of this work (open circles), earlier BTA measures (rectangles), measures by other speckle observers (small filled circles) and Hipparcos data (cross). The periastron is indicated by the solid line. The inner circle represents the 20 mas resolution limit of the 6-meter telescope.

Spectrophotometric Results

A part of the results of the spectral energy distributions of binary stars.

B j, V j, R c, (B-V) j and spectral type results of set A.

Set C Set B

Comparison between the calculated V J magnitudes of set A and V J magnitudes of Hipparcos and Tycho catalogues. Comparison between the calculated (B-V) J of set A and (B-V) J of Hipparcos and Tycho catalogues.

Comparison between the calculated V J magnitudes of set B and V J magnitudes of Hipparcos and Tycho catalogues. Comparison between the calculated (B-V) J of set B and (B-V) J of Hipparcos and Tycho catalogues.

Comparison between the calculated (B-V) J of set C and (B-V) J of Hipparcos and Tycho catalogues. Comparison between the calculated V J magnitudes of set C and V J magnitudes of Hipparcos and Tycho catalogues.

Speckle interferometric results: orbital elements, magnitude differences and absolute magnitudes. Atmospheres Modeling Spectrophotometric results: BVR magnitudes, (B-V ) color indices, entire SED’s and spectral types. Individual SED Luminosities Effective Temp. Masses Gravity acc. Radii Ages

The observed SED of COU 1291 at the level of the Earth's atmosphere with the computed ones using the following parameters: T eff a = 6400 o K, T eff b =6100 o K, lg g a = 4.20, lg g b = 4.35, R a = 1.47 R , R b = 1.12R , and d=113.6 pc. The observed SED of 41 Dra at the level of the Earth's atmosphere with the computed ones using the following parameters: T eff a = 6100 o K, T eff b =6100 o K, lg g a = 3.86, lg g b = 4.01, R a = 2.15 R , R b = 1.76R , and d= pc.

Components of the systems on the isochrones of Girardi et al. (2000). The positions of 40Dra and 41Dra components on the evolutionary tracks of Girardi et al. (2000).

The positions of COU1289 and COU1291 components on the evolutionary tracks of Girardi et al. (2000). Components of the systems on the isochrones of Girardi et al. (2000).

Components of the system HD on the isochrones of Girardi et al. (2000). The positions of HD25811 components on the evolutionary tracks of Girardi et al. (2000).

Components of the system HIP 689 on the isochrones of Girardi et al. (2000). The positions of HIP 689 components on the evolutionary tracks of Girardi et al. (2000).

Fundamental parameters of the studied binary systems

The positions of the systems' components on the mass-luminosity relation of the main-sequence of Cox (2000).

Contents of the Dissertation This dissertation consists of introduction, four chapters, conclusion, bibliography of 120 items, and appendix. It consists of 172 pages, includes 53 figures, and 54 tables. Introduction: The importance of the work was explained in addition to the actuality, the main goals, the new scientific results, the author presentations, the main items proposed for defense, the personal input of the author, a brief contents of the dissertation and a list of the author’s publications. Chapter one: The Astrophysical Problems of Studying Binary Stars, -Introduction -Milestones in the history of binary stars -Classification of binary stars -Binary star formation mechanisms -Statistics of binary stars and their catalogues -Conclusion Chapter two: Speckle Interferometry of Binary Stars, -Introduction -Qualitative description -Theoretical description -Observations and data analysis -Results and discussion -HIP 689 -HD25811 (BAG 4) -COU COU Dra -Conclusions

continued Chapter three: Spectrophotometry of Binary Stars, -Introduction -Program of the stars -Observations and data analysis -Results and discussion -Conclusions Chapter four: Physical Parameters of the Components of Binary Stars, -The system ADS (40Dra & 41 Dra) -Observational results -Atmospheric modeling and discussion -The two systems COU 1289 and COU Observational results -Atmospheric modeling and discussion -The system HD (BAG 4) -Observational results -Atmospheric modeling and discussion -The system HIP 689 -Observational results -Atmospheric modeling and discussion -Conclusion Conclusion: The main results of this work were listed. Appendix: Includes the tables of the spectral energy distributions for the stars studied in chapter 3.

Presentations (Апробация работы): The main results of this work were presented in the following international conferences: All-Russian Astronomical Conference (Saint Petersburg; August 2001), IAU Symposium No. 210 Modeling of Stellar Atmospheres (Uppsala, Sweden; June 2002), The 5th Arab Astronomical Conference & The 3rd Conference for AUASS (Amman, Jordan; August 2002). And in seminars at SAO (Nizhnij Arkhyz), and at Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan.

Personal input of the author (Личный вклад автора): Speckle interferometric observations and data reduction were made together with the group of The Laboratory of High Angular Resolution Methods in Astronomy (SAO-RAS). The final estimations and results were made by the author. All spectrophotometric observations, data reductions, atmospheres modeling and results extraction were made by the author.

Publications ( Список публикаций по теме диссертации ): 1.Al-Wardat M. A., Balega Yu. Yu., Pluznik E. A., Shkhagosheva Z.U. Speckle interferometric results and modified orbits of five binary systems, Spec. Astrophys. Observatory, Preprint No Al-Wardat M.A., Model atmosphere parameters of the binary systems 41Dra, Spec. Astrophys. Observatory, Preprint No Al-Wardat M.A., Spectral energy distributions and model atmosphere parameters of the binary systems COU1289 and COU1291, Spec. Astrophys. Observatory, Preprint No Al-Wardat M. A., Balega Yu. Yu., Leushin V. V., Musaev F. A., Spectroscopic and speckle-interferometric observations of the multiple system ADS11061, Kinematika i Physika Nebesnyh Tel, 4, Al-Wardat M.A., Spectrophotometry of speckle binary stars III, Bull. Spec. Astrophys. Observatory, 55, 18-37, Al-Wardat M.A., Spectrophotometry of speckle binary stars II, Bull. Spec. Astrophys. Observatory, 54, 29-45, 2002.

7.Al-Wardat M.A., Spectrophotometry of speckle binary stars, Bull. Spec. Astrophys. Observatory, 53, 58-77, Al-Wardat M.A., Spectral energy distributions and model atmosphere parameters of the quadruple system ADS11061, Bull. Spec. Astrophys. Observatory, 53, 51-57, Al-Wardat M. A., Balega Yu. Yu., Leushin V. V., Monin D., Pluznik E. A., The Complex Study of the Quadruple System ADS11061, Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No. 210 Modelling of Stellar Atmospheres (Uppsala, Sweden; June 2002). 10.Al-Wardat M. A., Balega I. I., Balega Yu. Yu., Lueshin V. V., Pluzhnik E. A., Shkhagosheva Z.U., The system 41 Draconis: approaching priastron on 2001, Proceedings of All-Russian Astronomical Conference (Saint Petersburg; August 2001). 11.Al-Wardat M. A., Al-Naimiy H. M., Barghouthi I. A., Sabat H., New physical and geometrical elements of some x-ray binary stars, Astrophysics and Space Science, 260; , Sabat H., Al-Naimiy H. M., Barghouthi I. A., Al-Wardat M. A., Synthetic light curve of some X-ray binary stars, Astrophysics and Space Science, 260; , 1999.