* Ugab: a shepherd flute. * Kinnor: a small rounded lyre used for accompanying singers * Sistrum: instrument consisting of a handle and a frame with jingling crossbars. * Plectrum: A small, flat tool used to pluck or strum a stringed instrument. * Hazozra: a loud trumpet

* Reading Outline Ethnomusicology Project: Musical examples and completed interviews are due Thursday.

* Scholars will: learn basic facts about Israel * Logic: Create their own halil instrument

* Speaking basic Hebrew

* The Hebrew language is written from right to left. * The language contains letters which are a combination of consonants and vowels. * For example, the vowels are often represented as dots or slashes underneath the consonants. * The word alphabet comes from the Hebrew: the first two letters of the language being “aleph” and “bet”

* Write the Aleph-bet on your whiteboards, in modern cursive and ancient print.

* As a class, * Then, in groups. * Script, in English:Script, in Hebrew: * Gil: HiGil: Shalom! * Sarai: HiSarai: Shalom! * Gil: I’m GilGil: Ani Gil. * Sarai: My name is SaraiSarai: Shmi Sarai. * Gil : What’s up?Gil: Ma Nishma? * Sarai: I’m studying music.Sarai: Ani lomed moosica * Gil: Cool!Gil: Sababa! * Sarai: Good Day!Sarai: Boker Tov! * Gil: Good Day! Thanks.Gil: Boker Tov! Toda.

* The trumpet, Hazozra, was used in pairs in accordance with a most ancient belief in the power of symmetry, * During the conquest of Canaan, Joshua used the magic power of seven shofarim (rams horns) to destroy the city of Jerico. When blown seven times on the seventh day of the siege the wall of the city fell down flat. * Greek influence: Modes (scales with 4-6 notes) were associated with spiritual and ethical qualities. The particular modes had their distinct associations with certain holy days or offerings or were characteristic of definite ethical notions. * The levities were the bearers of musical culture from King David’s days.

* Identify as many instruments as possible that you hear. * Choose three words that describe the timbre of the singers voice. * This song is about the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem—how does the music reflect this?

* The trumpet fulfills the task ascribed to it in all primitive communities, namely to remind god of his people in worship as well as war. * At the beginning of this piece the winds imitate an organ. * The text is based on verses from the Lamentations of Jeremiah.

* In Bernstein’s words this Symphony is about the crisis of the century: a crisis of faith. * He dedicated his first symphony to his father, a very religious man. * The sounds and sensations of Jewishness come from Bernstein experiences in the synagogue as a youth. * Aaron Copland was a major American influence on Bernstein’s composition style.

* Video

* Today we will make a simple double reed instrument from a straw. * You will need: 4 straws and a pair of scissors. * You will cut the tip of the straw into a point, about an inch long.

* A double reed works by putting pressure on a point below the reed split. * Curve both of your lips over your teeth, both bottom and top. * Bite down firmly on the point of your straw where the cut begins.

* To make a lower sound, trim the end of your straw about a ¼ of an inch and insert it into a new straw. * You may combine 3 to 4 straws to make a very low sound. * When done correctly, your sound should be like a large duck’s call.

* What is a Shofar? * In the earliest times of Judaica, who is glorified in song? * What is Antiphony? * What is the ancient Jewish text known as? * What instrument do the winds imitate at the beginning of the Jeremiah Symphony?