Causes, Major Events, and Consequences © 2014 Brain Wrinkles By: Jeni Shipley Adapted from TPT

© 2014 Brain Wrinkles Standards SS5H1 The student will explain the causes, major events, and consequences of the Civil War. a. Identify Uncle Tom’s Cabin and John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, and explain how each of these events was related to the Civil War. b. Discuss how the issues of states’ rights and slavery increased tensions between the North and South. c. Identify major battles and campaigns: Fort Sumter, Gettysburg, the Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Appomattox Court House. d. Describe the roles of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis, and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson. e. Describe the effects of war on the North and South.

© 2014 Brain Wrinkles

The American Civil War

Many differences divided the northern and southern states long before the Civil War started in The two most important issues that increased tensions were slavery and states’ rights. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Slavery had existed in America since colonial times. Slavery is when a person is owned by another person. Slaves were from all races. It was an important part of the South’s economy because slaveholders did not have to pay wages to workers. Southerners felt that it would be impossible to grow large cotton crops and sell them at a profit without using slaves. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Slavery grew in the South after the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney. Cotton was the most important crop in the south. Be prepared to discuss the video below after watching it. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles The Cotton Gin and Economic Effects 5/ 5/

Based on evidence from the video, how did the cotton gin affect the economies in north and south? How did it affect other parts of the world? ***Economics is based on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.*** © 2014 Brain Wrinkles Discussion Question

Many northerners felt it was wrong for one person to own another. They were abolitionists because they wanted to put an end to, or abolish, slavery. Southerners disagreed, saying that the abolition of slavery would destroy the economy in the south. What do you think? Discuss with a neighbor. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Planting Sweet Potatoes at a South Carolina Plantation

© 2014 Brain Wrinkles Four Generations of a Slave Family (Photographed during the Civil war) – Beaufort, South Carolina 1862

© 2014 Brain Wrinkles Slave Trader’s Business in Atlanta, 1860s

North’s economy- few farmers, mostly factories Factories produced textiles, shoes, tools, and other goods. South’s economy- mostly based on farming (tobacco and cotton) What are tariffs, and how did they affect the economies in the north and south? See next slide for video. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

What did you learn about tariffs from the video? Discuss. The different economies in the North and South led to disagreements between the regions about tariffs. A tariff is a tax on imported goods.tariff Tariffs were good for the North but did not help the South. Tariffs made imported goods more expensive than local goods. So, where do you think the southerners bought their goods? The consumers bought their local goods more often! WHY? © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

States’ rights is the idea that states, not the federal government, should make the final decisions about matters that affect them. Can you make a CONNECTION here to our previous planner, How We Organize Ourselves? Discuss. Many people in the South believed that states could choose which federal laws to obey. They believed that if a state didn’t like a law passed by the federal government, then they didn’t have to follow it. Many also believed that any state could withdraw, or secede, from the Union if it chose to. What do you think? © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Most northerners believed that the states had to obey all the laws passed by the national government. They also thought that no state could break its ties with the United States. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Disagreements over tariffs, slavery, and other economic issues increased sectionalism in the North and South. Sectionalism is loyalty to one part of the country. Sectionalism increased because of arguments over tariffs and slavery. The North and South were headed toward war. It began with arguments about the power of the national and state governments. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a novel written by abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe in The book is about a cruel slave owner’s shocking treatment of slaves. It showed the evils of slavery and turned many people against slavery…especially in the north and some in the south, too President Lincoln called the author “the little lady who made this big war.” © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852 “Helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War.” © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Let’s review the standards! SS5H1 The student will explain the causes, major events, and consequences of the Civil War. a. Identify Uncle Tom’s Cabin and John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, and explain how each of these events was related to the Civil War. b. Discuss how the issues of states’ rights and slavery increased tensions between the North and South. c. Identify major battles and campaigns: Fort Sumter, Gettysburg, the Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Appomattox Court House. d. Describe the roles of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis, and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson. e. Describe the effects of war on the North and South. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

What is a raid? In 1859, John Brown, an abolitionist, led a group of rebels to a gun facility in Harper’s Ferry, West Virginia to protest slavery. The group attempted to help slaves by giving them guns to rebel against their masters, but they were soon surrounded by local troops. They wanted the slaves to REVOLT! What does all of this mean? © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Harper’s Ferry, West Virginia © 2014 Brain Wrinkles John Brown

(about 5 minutes) © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Two of his sons were killed, but John Brown refused to surrender and was eventually captured. He was put on trial, found guilty of treason, and was hanged for his involvement in the raid at Harper’s Ferry. So…what’s the point? This event proved that people were willing to use violence to end slavery. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles Discuss this with a neighbor. What is your opinion?

What learner profile words and attitudes would YOU use to describe Brown? Discuss with a neighbor. Northerners called Brown a hero! Why? Southern slave owners thought he was an example of how dangerous abolitionists had become. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles Discuss this with a neighbor.

What learner profile words and attitudes would YOU use to describe Brown? Discuss with a neighbor. Northerners called Brown a hero! Why? Southern slave owners thought he was an example of how dangerous abolitionists had become. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles Discuss this with a neighbor.

Slavery became the main issue in the presidential Election of Southern Democrats wanted a pro-slavery candidate. Republicans hoped to stop the spread of slavery into new territories. Why? Who do you think were the people who mainly supported the Republicans? Abolitionists! They supported Abraham Lincoln. Why do you think southerners did not want Lincoln as president ? They feared he would try to end slavery. Who do you think won the election? Lincoln won the election. Abraham Lincoln became the 16 th President of the United States in (Civil War: ) South Carolina’s governor said that if Abraham Lincoln won the election, the state would not leave the Union. But on December 20, 1860, South Carolina seceded, or withdrew from the Union. More southern states seceded from the Union after his election. © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Abraham Lincoln 1864

© 2014 Brain Wrinkles President Lincoln’s Inauguration at the U.S. Capitol, 1861

© 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Who was mainly against slavery- the north or south? What did factory owners, merchants, bankers, and workers need from the south? The cotton and tobacco crops were grown by slaves. Some people were afraid that if slavery ended, jobs would be taken away from whites. Why? For these reasons, many in the North thought that slavery was wrong, but they did not try to end it… Why not? Most Northerners did not want to go to war over slavery. In your opinion, would you want to go to war? Why or why not? Discuss this with a neighbor. Let’s Recap: The North

© 2014 Brain Wrinkles Without slavery, what would happen to crops and plantations? Discuss in your groups. South- believed that each state should be allowed to decide for itself about slavery. States’ rights- People fighting for states’ rights believed that the federal government should not make laws about things such as trade with Europe and slavery. Many also wanted slavery in new states. Congress decided if new states would be free or slave states. This just ended in more conflict. Let’s Discuss Economics!

© 2014 Brain Wrinkles The South Southern states -wanted to buy factory goods from Europe instead of the North. Why? Also wanted to punish the North for fighting slavery How would this affect the economy in the north? Northern states passed laws to tax (tariffs) goods from Europe, making them expensive. South- thought the tax violated their states’ rights. Do you agree? They threatened to leave the Union…

© 2014 Brain Wrinkles Secession South Carolina Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida Louisiana Texas After seceding from the Union, these states formed the Confederate States of America.

Status of the States, 1861 © 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Let’s Summarize! Partner Talk: Discuss the different views and economies in the north and south. Discuss the increasing tension during this time period. Review Flip Books.