Mitosis Cell Division

The Cell Cycle The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo. A pumpkin grows by size by increasing both the size and the number of cells. A single cell divides, forming two cells. Then two cells divide, forming four, and so on. This type of cell division occurs in all living things.

What events take place during the three stages of the cell cycle? Guide for Reading What events take place during the three stages of the cell cycle?

The period before cell division occurs. Stage 1: Interphase The period before cell division occurs. During interphase, the cell grows to its mature size, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares to divide into two cells.

The first part of interphase: Growth The first part of interphase: The cell doubles in size and produces all the structures needed to carry out its functions.

The next part of interphase: DNA Replication The next part of interphase: The cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus in a process called replication.

Preparation for Division Once the cell’s DNA has replicated preparation for cell division begins. The cell produces structures that it will use to divide during the rest of the cell cycle. At the end of interphase, the cell cycle is ready to divide.

Review Question The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo? The first stage of the cell cycle?

The second stage of the cell cycle. Stage Two: Mitosis The second stage of the cell cycle. The stage during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two nuclei. During Mitosis, one copy of the DNA is distributed into each of the two daughter cells.

Each rod of condensed chromatin Chromosome Each rod of condensed chromatin

Chromatid Each identical rod, or strand, of the chromosome. The two strands are held together by a structure called a centromere.

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Four Parts of Mitosis

Mitosis: Prophase The chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form chromosomes. Structures called spindle fibers form a bridge between the ends of the cell. The nuclear membrane breaks down.

Mitosis: Metaphase The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at its centromere, which still holds the chromatids together.

Mitosis: Anaphase The centromeres split. The two chromatids separate. One chromatid moves along the spindle fiber to one end of the cell. The other chromatid moves to the opposite end. The cell becomes stretched out as the opposite ends pull apart.

Mitosis: Telophase The chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rodlike appearance. This occurs in the two regions at the ends of the cell. A new nuclear membrane forms around each region of chromosomes.

The final stage of mitosis. Stage 3: Cytokinesis The final stage of mitosis. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells. Each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. At the end of cytokinesis, each cell enters interphase, and the cell cycle begins again.