Obj: Explain the role of each type of carbohydrate in the diet. Warm-up review: Nutrients are life sustaining compounds released as food breaks down. Can you name the 6 main nutrients?

Carbohydrates Are our main source of energy- for breathing, walking, running, even thinking! Sources are mostly plant foods- fruits, vegetables, grain products, dry beans, nuts, and seeds. Some are found in milk.

Let’s start at the beginning… Through photosynthesis plants produce simples sugars (glucose) to build leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and the fiber that strengthens and support cell walls. Plants store extra glucose as starch in roots, stems, and leaves. Glucose is the building blocks for all carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates Simple carbohydratesComplex carbohydratesFiber a.k.a. Sugars Simple sugars Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

Simple Carbs Monosaccharides Glucose or dextrose – found in fruits and veggies, honey, corn syrup, sugar cane and beet sugar Fructose – found in fruits, some veggies and honey Galactose -- in milk Disaccharides Sucrose (glucose +fructose) found in fruits, sugar cane and sugar beets Lactose (glucose + galactose) found in milk products Maltose (glucose + glucose) forms when starch is digested

Where are simple carbohydrates found in food? Some simple sugars occur naturally in foods – fruit such as apples, strawberries, etc. Some are extracted from sugarcane and sugar beets and used to sweeten foods – called added sugars  Which type is healthier for you?

Added sugars a.k.a….. Brown sugar Corn sweetener Corn syrup Dextrose Fructose Fruit juice concentrate Fructose High-fructose corn syrup Honey Invert sugar Lactose Malt syrup Maltose Maple sugar Molasses Raw sugar Sucrose Syrup Table sugar Turbinado

Simple Carbs as added sugars are poor quality carbs  Promotes tooth decay Easily eaten in excess Are empty calories – no nutritional value Provides uneven chemistry – energy levels

Carbohydrates Simple carbohydratesComplex carbohydrates Fiber a.k.a. Sugars Simple sugars Monosaccharides and Disaccharides a.k.a. Starches Polysaccarides

Complex Carbs polysaccharides Called starches - form when plants combine simple sugar units into more complicated arrangements

Where are complex carbohydrates found in food? Some sugar is stored as starch in a plant- grains, peas, lima beans, potatoes, dry beans, lentils These foods are the ultimate combos-why? – Vegetables – Fruits – Whole grains Oats Brown rice Whole wheat pasta Whole wheat bread

Last but not least --Fiber Found in foods from plants, including fruits, veggies, whole grain products, nut, seeds and dry beans peas and lentils. Can’t digest, but promotes regular bowel movement, reduce cholesterol levels, and helps you feel full – Women should aim for 28 grams of fiber daily* – Men should aim for 36 grams of fiber daily* – *FDA recommendations

How are carbohydrates digested? The human body breaks down carbohydrates into the simple sugar glucose, with enzymes in your mouth and continues with enzymes in your digestive tract. Glucose can be absorbed into the blood stream. Fiber passes through the system undigested.

What carbohydrates should we have in our diet? Most of your daily carb allowance should be from complex carbs and naturally occurring sugars rather than added sugars Starchy foods also contribute protein, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and fiber.

What will a Nutrition Facts food label tell us? Post Great Grains Whole Wheat Cereal Total Carbohydrate 37 g Dietary Fiber 5 g Sugars 8 g Other Carbohydrate 24g

Energy = calorie A unit used to measure food energy. It is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C

Quantity we should have in our diet About 50% of your calories should come from carbohydrate s – 2,000 x.50 = 1,000 calories from carbs 1 bagel =350 calories

The USDA suggests a limit of 10 teaspoons of added sugar per day. If: 4 grams of sugar = 1 tsp How many grams would that be per day? Examples of invisible sugar. Limit simple sugars

Examples of added sugars – One can of soda=the daily limit – Each tablespoon of ketchup= 1 teaspoons sugar – One glass of juice = the daily limit – 32oz McDonald’s sweet tea=15 teaspoons 4 grams of sugar = 1 tsp Limit simple sugars

Obj: Explain the role of each type of carbohydrate in the diet. Assignment: As you read chapter 6, copy the bold faced terms in order and then define the terms. Copy and answer questions 8, 9, 15, 16,18,19 on pg 100.