The Jefferson Era

Election of 1800 Federalists nominate Adams again; Republicans nominate Adams’ VP, Thomas Jefferson Federalists nominate Adams again; Republicans nominate Adams’ VP, Thomas Jefferson For the first time, political parties really begin attacking each other in their campaigns For the first time, political parties really begin attacking each other in their campaigns –Adams is portrayed by Republicans as a monarchist who wants to set himself up as king –Jefferson is portrayed a pro-revolution radical set on destroying the national government

Jefferson and Aaron Burr both receive 73 electoral votes Jefferson and Aaron Burr both receive 73 electoral votes –Adams gets only 65 votes –The tie creates a BIG problem: Who would be President?

House of Representatives votes on who will be the next President House of Representatives votes on who will be the next President –After 36 different votes, Jefferson finally wins the vote and becomes President –Burr becomes VP

Jefferson Wins Out The House of Rep. is forced to vote to decide the winner The House of Rep. is forced to vote to decide the winner –After 36 votes, Jefferson finally wins and becomes the 3 rd U.S. president; Burr is VP and NOT happy –Leads to the 12 th Amendment which makes separate ballots for the President and VP

Jefferson’s Inauguration Jefferson was less formal than Washington and Adams Jefferson was less formal than Washington and Adams –Walked to the new Capitol building to give his first speech; didn’t think the leader of a republic should ride in a fancy carriage Jefferson was excited about the construction of the new capital city Jefferson was excited about the construction of the new capital city –Free from any state influence

The White House Then and Now

Jefferson in Office As leader of the new Democratic-Republican party, Jefferson had many things to accomplish As leader of the new Democratic-Republican party, Jefferson had many things to accomplish –First, he hand-picked his cabinet, including future president James Madison

Jefferson also wanted to limit the role of the national government Jefferson also wanted to limit the role of the national government –Let the Alien & Sedition Acts expire –Cut the size of the American military; would use the extra money to pay off national debt –Searched for ways to get rid of domestic taxes, like the one on whiskey

Once Against, Now For... The National Bank The National Bank –Although he once fought against it, he was later convinced to leave it alone because it raised a lot of money for the government

F.O.A. (Bellwork) What is happening in this editorial cartoon?

F.O.A. (Bellwork) Thomas Jefferson literally thought a giant cybernetic John Marshall robot would lay waste to our brand-new Capitol. Thomas Jefferson literally thought a giant cybernetic John Marshall robot would lay waste to our brand-new Capitol.brand-new

EQs Who were the first five presidents, what years were each of them in office, and what was one major accomplishment for each of the five men? (8.6 spi 1) Who were the first five presidents, what years were each of them in office, and what was one major accomplishment for each of the five men? (8.6 spi 1) What did the cases of Marbury vs. Madison and McCulloch vs. Maryland do for the power of the Supreme Court? (8.6 spi1) What did the cases of Marbury vs. Madison and McCulloch vs. Maryland do for the power of the Supreme Court? (8.6 spi1)

EQs What are the three main points-of-view an author can use in a story, and why would he or she choose to use each one? ( ) (CCSS RL6) What are the three main points-of-view an author can use in a story, and why would he or she choose to use each one? ( ) (CCSS RL6) How does the reader determine cause and effect when reading a passage? ( ) (CCSS RL 5) How does the reader determine cause and effect when reading a passage? ( ) (CCSS RL 5)

Today Today: Turn in projects; Background on Marbury v. Madison; Reader’s Theater Today: Turn in projects; Background on Marbury v. Madison; Reader’s Theater Monday: War of 1812 Monday: War of 1812

Little review Who beat John Adams in the election of 1800? Who beat John Adams in the election of 1800? Why did Adams lose the election of 1800? Why did Adams lose the election of 1800?

First Major Court Case Marbury v. Madison Marbury v. Madison –Federalists still dominated the Judicial branch –The night before leaving office, Adams created several new federal “judgeships” and appointed Federalists to these new positions –However, because they happened so late, many of them were never properly delivered to Congress in time

What happened next... What happened next... –William Marbury was supposed to receive one of these positions, but Jefferson would not approve Adams’ “midnight judges” –Marbury asked the Supreme Court to help out, which was headed by a Federalist chief justice named John Marshall

Jefferson believed that the Federalist Marshall would agree with Marbury Jefferson believed that the Federalist Marshall would agree with Marbury –But he actually ruled that the Supreme Court did not have the authority to change Jefferson’s decision; ruled the “midnight judges” were unconstitutional –Established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review (can declare laws unconstitutional)

Reader’s Theater Mr. Ezzell will read this aloud. Mr. Ezzell will read this aloud. Next, you read it and write down any words that give you trouble. Next, you read it and write down any words that give you trouble. While you’re reading the story, Mr. Ezzell will assign parts by posting names on a sticky note. The narrator’s parts are in italics. While you’re reading the story, Mr. Ezzell will assign parts by posting names on a sticky note. The narrator’s parts are in italics. Let’s review the words that give you problems. Let’s review the words that give you problems.

Reader’s Theater Everyone will practice their lines with a partner for two minutes. Everyone will practice their lines with a partner for two minutes. Mr. Ezzell will set the timer on the overhead. Mr. Ezzell will set the timer on the overhead.

Question What happened in the play? What happened in the play?

Assignment Write two paragraphs in which you tell me the cause and effect of Marbury v. Madison. Write two paragraphs in which you tell me the cause and effect of Marbury v. Madison. A paragraph is 4-5 sentences. A paragraph is 4-5 sentences. If you need to use your book, the case is on pages If you need to use your book, the case is on pages

Reader’s Theater

The Louisiana Purchase

By the early 1800s, Spain was growing tired of trying to maintain the large territory of Louisiana By the early 1800s, Spain was growing tired of trying to maintain the large territory of Louisiana

In 1802, Spain secretly traded the land over to France In 1802, Spain secretly traded the land over to France –Napoleon, France’s emperor, wanted to use it to control all of North America –France was at war with Britain; Napoleon had already conquered much of Europe

Before trading LA, Spain once again closed the NOLA port to the U.S. Before trading LA, Spain once again closed the NOLA port to the U.S. –Jefferson sends James Monroe to buy only the port of New Orleans from France –Napoleon needs money for war, so he sells the whole territory for $15 million

Jefferson wasn’t happy at first Jefferson wasn’t happy at first –Strict constructionist; Constitution said nothing about buying new lands –Agrees, however, that it is a good thing in the end; doubles the size of America

Gotta Scope It Out...

Lewis & Clark Expedition Nobody really knew what was in the new Louisiana Territory Nobody really knew what was in the new Louisiana Territory Jefferson hires Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to check it out Jefferson hires Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to check it out –They are aided by Sacagawea, a female Indian who interprets for them

Lewis & Clark travel almost 8,000 miles during their expedition Lewis & Clark travel almost 8,000 miles during their expedition –Never find the Pacific Ocean though

The Coming of War Britain & France both began violating America’s neutrality Britain & France both began violating America’s neutrality –Began stealing supplies off American trade ships –The British began forcing some American sailors to serve in the British navy (impressment)

The U.S. responds by passing the Embargo Act The U.S. responds by passing the Embargo Act –Embargo – The banning of trade –The U.S. basically stopped all trade with everyone; didn’t work

The Embargo Act hurt the U.S. more than it helped; trashed it and then passed another embargo against France & Britain The Embargo Act hurt the U.S. more than it helped; trashed it and then passed another embargo against France & Britain –Had the same effect basically; not very good

Assignment Draw and color the map on page 273. Draw and color the map on page 273. Don’t do the Spanish territory or Canada. Don’t do the Spanish territory or Canada. Label every American territory, as well as the Mississippi River and Lewis and Clark’s return. Label every American territory, as well as the Mississippi River and Lewis and Clark’s return. Include a key Include a key

Fighting in the West Indian forces led by Tecumseh, a Shawnee chief, begin attacking Americans in the West Indian forces led by Tecumseh, a Shawnee chief, begin attacking Americans in the West Defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe by William Henry Harrison Defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe by William Henry Harrison –Evidence reveals that Britain had supplied and aided Tecumseh

Many members of Congress wanted war with Britain; nicknamed “War Hawks” Many members of Congress wanted war with Britain; nicknamed “War Hawks” Most New England Federalists did not want war; wanted to seek peace with Britain Most New England Federalists did not want war; wanted to seek peace with Britain

New President In 1808, James Madison becomes the fourth President In 1808, James Madison becomes the fourth President –Influenced by the War Hawks (led by Henry Clay), Madison convinces Congress to declare war against Britain in 1812

War of 1812 Americans vs. British & Native Americans Americans vs. British & Native Americans Fighting begins at sea; U.S. wins a lot in the beginning Fighting begins at sea; U.S. wins a lot in the beginning –Many of Britain’s ships were being used to fight France

Soon, however, Britain begins to win Soon, however, Britain begins to win –Defeats France; concentrates solely on U.S. –Use blockades on American ports –Win in Canada, NW Territory, and even Washington, D.C.

Major U.S. Victories Fort McHenry (Baltimore, MD) Fort McHenry (Baltimore, MD) –Francis Scott Key & “The Star-Spangled Banner” Battle of New Orleans Battle of New Orleans –American forces led by Andrew Jackson defeat much larger British force –Last major battle of the War of 1812

Effects of the War The Treaty of Ghent ends the war The Treaty of Ghent ends the war Consequences of the war: Consequences of the war: –Increased patriotism in America –Broke the power of many Indian groups –American manufacturing increased