SEMESTER 1 FINAL REVIEW

QUESTION #1  A ______________is made up of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group. A. amino acid B. nucleotide C. phospholipid D. glycoprotein

ANSWER #1  B - nucleotide

QUESTION #2  Glycogen, cellulose, and starch are all ________________  A. Proteins  B. Carbohydrates  C. Nucleic acids  D. lipids

ANSWER #2  B. Carbohydrates

QUESTION #3  What is this molecule?

ANSWER #3  A – ATP MOLECULE

QUESTION #4  Reactants in an enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction are called ______  A. PolymersB. Products  C. SubstratesD. Organics

ANSWER #4  C. Substrates

QUESTION #5  Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by __  A. Decreasing the activation energy  B. Increasing the activation energy  C. Making more hydrogen bonds  D. Changing the pH of the solution

ANSWER #5  A. Decreasing the activation energy

QUESTION #6  Macromolecule that can act as enzymes are ________  A. CarbohydratesB. Lipids  C. Nucleic acidsD. Proteins

ANSWER #6  D. Proteins

QUESTION #7  Role of the spindle fibers are ________  A. Hold sister chromatids together  B. Only work during metaphase.  C. Move & separate the sister chromatids  D. Separate the nucleus

ANSWER #7  C. Move & separate the sister chromatids

QUESTION #8  Transport proteins play a role in both  A.passive and active transport.  B.diffusion and vesicle transport.  C.exocytosis and endocytosis.  D.phagocytosis and passive transport.

ANSWER #8  A. passive and active transport.

QUESTION #9  What macromolecule has a 1:2:1 ratio for Carbon to Hydrogen to Oxygen  a.Carbohydratec. Nucleic Acid  b.Proteind. Lipid

ANSWER #9  A. Carbohydrates.

QUESTION #10  The breakdown of which of the following provides the largest number of ATP per molecule?  a.carbohydratesc. proteins  b.lipidsd. cellulose

ANSWER #10  B.Lipids

QUESTION #11  On a pH scale which number would be considered bases.  A 1B. 9  C. 6D. 7

ANSWER #11  B. 9

QUESTION #12  Which part of a phospholipid molecule is non- polar & hydrophobic  A. Glycerol/phosphate headB. Protein  C. The lipid tailsD. Protein channel

ANSWER #12  C. The lipid tails

QUESTION #13  Atoms in molecules share pairs of electrons when they make  a. covalent bonds.c. hydrogen bonds.  b.ionic bonds.d.polymers.

ANSWER #13  A. covalent bonds

QUESTION #14  Substances are changed into different substances when bonds break and form during  a.chemical equilibrium.c. ion formation.  b.chemical reactions.d. hydrogen bonding.

ANSWER #14  b.chemical reactions.

QUESTION #15  The most abundant compound in most living things is  a. carbon dioxidec. sodium chloride  b. waterd. sugar

ANSWER #15  B. Water

QUESTION #16  When salt is dissolved in water, water is the  a.reactant.c. solute.  b.solution.d. solvent.

ANSWER #16  D. Solvent

QUESTION #17  Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?  a.carbohydratesc. nucleic acids  b.lipidsd. proteins

ANSWER #17  A. carbohydrates

QUESTION #18  Which phrase best describes smooth ER?  a. produces lipidsc. connected to the Golgi apparatus  b. protected by vesiclesd. stored in the central vacuole

ANSWER #18  A. produces lipids

QUESTION #19  Which organelles contain enzymes that break down old cell parts?  a.centrosomesc. vacuoles  b.lysosomesd. chloroplasts

ANSWER #19  B.lysosomes

QUESTION #20  Which of the following processes require energy?  a.exocytosisc. active transport  b.endocytosisd. All of the above

ANSWER #20  D. All of the above

QUESTION #21  Which organelle is involved in the production of ATP in eukaryotic cells?  a.lysosomec. Golgi apparatus  b.vacuoled. mitochondria

ANSWER #22  D. mitochondria

QUESTION #23  Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?  a.prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase  b.interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase  c.interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase  d.prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase

ANSWER #23  A. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

QUESTION #24  Which of the following cell types is haploid?  a.ovumc. gamete  b.spermd. All of the above

ANSWER #24  D. All of the above

QUESTION #25  What phase will crossing over occur in?  a. Prophasec. Prophase I  b. Interphased. Metaphase II

ANSWER #25  C. Prophase I

QUESTION #26  Which 2 kinds of molecules combine to form cell membranes?  A. Nucleic acids & carbohydrates  B. Phospholipids and proteins  C. Carbohydrates & nucleic acids  D. Polysaccharides & RNA

ANSWER #26  B. Phospholipids and proteins