Vocabulary Fun with Graphs Macro- molecules Chemical Reactions Enzymes

Question Define “element”

Answer 1 – 10 A pure substance that consists of one type of atom

Question Define “dehydration synthesis”

Answer 1 – 20 Joining molecules together that results in a loss of water

Question Relate the following words in a sentence: – Catalyst, – enzyme, – activation energy

Answer 1 – 30 Enzymes are catalysts that lower activation energy

Question Define “denaturation”

Answer 1 – 40 Breaking of a protein

Question Explain the difference between ionic bonding and covalent bonding

Answer 1 – 50 Ionic bond involves a transfer of electrons, and covalent bonding involves a sharing of electrons

Question Is this graph showing an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

Answer 2 – 10 exothermic

Question What is this enzyme’s optimum temperature?

Answer 2 – degrees C

Question Which statement best expresses the information represented in the graph shown? – (1.) The action of enzymes varies with pH. – (2.) A pH of 7 provides the optimum environment for digestive enzymes – (3.) Gastric juice is active at a pH extending from 0 to 12. – (4.) Acids have a pH greater than 7.

Answer 2 – 30 (1). The action of enzymes varies with pH

Question Draw a graph representing an endothermic reaction. Be sure to label reactants, products, Ea, and ΔH

Answer 2 – 40

Question Increasing [substrate] will increase the reaction rate to a certain point. Based on the graph below, what [substrate] allows the enzymes to work at half their maximum velocity? (Assume each box represents 5mL)

Answer 2 – mL

Question Name the 4 types of macromolecules

Answer 3 – 10 Carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question Name the primary function of nucleic acids

Answer 3 – 20 Store the genetic information

Question Name the main function of carbs

Answer 3 – 30 Body’s main source of energy

Question What are the monomers of carbs?

Answer 3 – 40 monosaccharides

Question Draw the structure of an amino acid

Answer 3 – 50

Question What are the reactants of a chemical reaction?

Answer 4 – 10 What you start with

Question What is the difference between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction?

Answer 4 – 20 Exothermic—lose energy/heat, endothermic—gain energy/heat

Question Breaking a bond ________ energy

Answer 4 – 30 releases

Question What is activation energy?

Answer 4 – 40 Energy required to start a reaction

Question Which type of reactions will occur spontaneously? – A. endothermic – B. exothermic

Answer 4 – 50 B. exothermic

Question What is are substrates?

Answer 5 – 10 The reactants of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Question How do enzymes increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Answer 5 – 20 Lower the activation energy

Question What is the name of the model that describes the precise fit between an enzyme and its substrate

Answer 5 – 30 Lock and key model

Question Explain the induced fit theory

Answer 5 – 40 Enzyme changes shape slightly to “hug” the substrate

Question Name 4 factors that affect the rate of enzyme activity

Answer 5 – 50 Temperature pH [enzyme] [substrate]