DNA Review

What are the monomers of DNA?

Nucleotides made of: Deoxyribose Phosphate A nitrogenous bases(A,T,C,G)

Describe what the DNA looks like.

It is a double stranded helix. It looks like a twisted ladder. The genes are the “rungs” and the sides of the ladder are alternating sugar and phosphate.

What makes an RNA different from a DNA?

It is single stranded and has Ribose for its sugar. The Thymine base is substituted for Uracil.

How was Griffith’s experiment important to the discovery of DNA?

He used heat killed virulent and harmless bacteria in mice to prove transformation of DNA from one cell to another.

How was the bacteriophage used in the discovery of DNA?

Hershey and Chase labeled the DNA with radioactive sulfur and phosphorus. The DNA transformed with phosphorus.

If a DNA molecule is: CGG AGT CAG What is the mRNA?

GCC UCA GUC

What is the making of a mRNA called?

transcription

If a mRNA is: UGC UAA CAC What is the tRNA?

ACG AUU GUG

Every group of three bases on a mRNA is called a ___________________.

Every group of three bases on the tRNA is called a ______________.

Anticodon

What does the tRNA drop off at the ribosome when it complimentarily matches with the codon?

A specific amino acid.

If one base on the mRNA is missing what is that called?

A deletion. This will cause a ______________.

frameshift

The mRNA codon for stop is UGA. How could that be a problem if it is in the middle of the mRNA code?

The protein will not be made correctly. It is called a nonsense mutation.

If a base gets substituted will it matter?

It will matter only if a different amino acid is brought to the ribosome. It will not matter if the substitution is silent.

If the mRNA: CGA UUG Becomes CGA GUU What is this called?

An inversion.

If the mRNA: UGU CGC Becomes: UGU UGU CGU What is this called?

A duplication mutation

Name a disease that is caused by mutation

Sickle celled anemia Cytstic fibrosis Huntington’s Disease Tay Sachs Down’s Syndrome

Which disease is also known as Nondisjunction?

Down’s Syndrome

The process of making a protein at the ribosome is called____________.

translation

What is the role of mRNA?

To take a code from the “boss” known as DNA out to the ribosome to eventually make a protein.

What is the role of the tRNA?

To match up the code from the mRNA and to bring the corresponding matching amino acid.

What is the role of the ribosome?

It is the site at which the rRNA will help assemble the amino acids into a protein.

What is the promoter and the terminator

They start and stop the message.

What is a point mutation?

Either a deletion, insertion or a substitution at one spot in the message.

What are mutagens?

Anything that can damage DNA, UV and x-ray radiation, chemicals.

Where does translation take place?

The ribosomes