Foundations

Defining “Sociology” Formal definition The problem: What is “society”? What is “social”? Distinctive approaches –Macro vs Micro –Qualitative vs Quantitative

Sociology’s Founders I: KARL MARX Marx’s critique of capitalism –Counters basic human needs –Creates social inequality –Requires exploitation Marx’s contributionn –The conflict paradigm –Exploration of economy/society relationship –Emphasis on social inequality

Sociology’s Founders II: EMILE DURKHEIM Durkheim studies “social facts” Developed the perspective known as “functionalism” Established sociology as a unique academic discipline

Sociology’s Founders III: MAX WEBER Promoted “idealism” versus “materialism” Emphasized “rationalization” as historical process that defined social evolution Promoted sociological study of organizations Promoted sociological study of politics, religion, law, and other institutions

Sociology’s Paradigms Stuctural Functionalism Conflict Symbolic Interactionism Gender “Postmodern” Perspectives