Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School

Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light. - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist

Paleolithic Age: ( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BC to 8,000 BC Paleolithic Age: ( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BC to 8,000 BC 1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC 2. 1,500,000 BC - 250,000 BC ,000 BC – 30,000 BC 4. 30,000 BC – c. 10,000 BC

“Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age  “Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE  2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE hunting (men) & gathering (women)  small bands of humans  hunting (men) & gathering (women)  small bands of humans NOMADIC (moving from place to place)  NOMADIC (moving from place to place) Made tools  Made tools

4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans.  Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans. Australopithecines  Australopithecines An opposable thumb  An opposable thumb

 HOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” ) found in East Africa.  found in East Africa. created stone tools.  created stone tools.

Humans during this period found shelter in caves.  Humans during this period found shelter in caves. Cave paintings left behind.  Cave paintings left behind. Purpose??Purpose??

1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Person” )  HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Person” ) Larger and more varied tools  primitive technology  Larger and more varied tools  primitive technology First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia…Why?  First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia…Why? First to use fire ( 500,000 BC )  First to use fire ( 500,000 BC ) FULLY BIPED  FULLY BIPED

Are we all Africans in origin?

200,000 BC – 10,000 BC HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” ) Neanderthals ( 200,000 BC – 30,000 BC ) Homo Sapiens Sapiens (Cro- Magnons) ( 40,000 BC – 10,000 BC )

NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS: Neander Valley, Germany (1856)  Neander Valley, Germany (1856) First humans to bury their dead.  First humans to bury their dead. Made clothes from animal skins.  Made clothes from animal skins. Lived in caves and tents.  Lived in caves and tents.

NEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALS Early Hut/Tent

CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )  Homo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” ) By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals.  By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals. WHY???

70,000 BC – 10,000 BC

“Neolithic”  “New Stone” Age  “Neolithic”  “New Stone” Age 10,000 BC – 4,000 BC  10,000 BC – 4,000 BC Gradual shift from:  Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle  settled, stationery lifestyle. Hunting/Gathering  agricultural production and domestication of animals.

8,000 BC – 5,000 BC  8,000 BC – 5,000 BC Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.  Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. SLASH-AND-BURN Farming  SLASH-AND-BURN Farming Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia 8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC 8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia 8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC 8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC

Development of Agriculture Development ? ? ? ? What are the possible outcomes of the this shift?

Why do you think the development of agriculture occurred around the same time in several different places?

Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers?

Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations.  Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations. More permanent, settled communities emerged.  More permanent, settled communities emerged. 9,000 BC  Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO ( northern Iraq )  wheat  9,000 BC  Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO ( northern Iraq )  wheat

8,000 BC  Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey )  6,000 inhabitants  8,000 BC  Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey )  6,000 inhabitants Division of labor  Division of labor Engaged in trade  Engaged in trade Organized religion  Organized religion Small military  Small military 12 cultivated crops  12 cultivated crops An obsidian dagger

Çatal Hüyük

What role did the food supply play in shaping the nomadic life of hunter-gatherers and the settled life of the farmers?

AdvancedCities SpecializedWorkers ComplexInstitutions Record-Keeping AdvancedTechnology Book’s 5 Characteristics

Cities Government WrittenRecords ReligiousActivity SocialClassStructure Mr. Pagliaro’s 6 Characteristics ArtisticActivity